JOHN SCOTT AWARD RECIPIENTS

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JOHN SCOTT AWARD}
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The John Scott Award Recipients

THE JOHN SCOTT AWARD
PHILADELPHIA, PA

2018

Bjarne Stroustrup
Technical Fellow and a Managing Director in the technology division of Morgan Stanley
New York City.
Visiting Professor in Computer Science at Columbia University.

For the design and implementation of C++ programming language

Dr. James West
Research Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering & Mechanical Engineering.

Johns Hopkins University

To recognize his inventions relating to the foil electret microphone

2017

Dr. Ruzena Bajcsy
NEC Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
University of California
Berkeley, CA

For her pioneering contributions to robotics and engineering science.

Dr. Warren Ewens
Australian-born mathematician who has been Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania since 1997.
(Emeritus Faculty)
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

To recognize his research on the mathematical, statistical and theoretical aspects of population genetics.

Dr. Masatoshi Nei
Emeritus Professor of Biology and Adjunct Professor at Temple University
Philadelphia, PA

For his work in developing new concepts of evolutionary theory.

Award Recipients
2016

Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier, Director, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany Dr. Jennifer Doudna, Doudna Lab, University of California, Berkeley, CA. Dr. Feng Zhang, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Investigator at McGovern Institute for Brain Res, MIT	For elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing CRISPR- Cas Systems, which defend prokaryotic cells against viruses and foreign nucleic acids, and for enabling the application of these systems as revolutionary tools for genome control and editing.
Dr. Carl H. June, Director of the Translational Research Program & Richard W. Vague Professor in Immunotherapy, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Uiversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA	To recognize his work on developing and testing novel forms of immunotherapy for cancer and chronic infections.

Photograph of the 2016 Awardees: Drs.Zhang, Charpentier, June
Photograph of the 2016 Awardees with Committee Members

2015

Dr. Madeleine M. Joullié
Professor of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

To recognize Dr. Madeleine M. Joullié’s research on the synthesis of natural products which has led to the creation of antiviral and antibacterial compounds, agents that can interfere with tumor angiogenesis, and other natural products used against cancer. Dr. Joullie has also developed compounds that are key elements of fingerprinting and forensic science.

Dr. John P. Perdew
Laura H. Carnell Professor of Physics and Chemistry, School of Science & Technology
Founding Director, Center for Materials Theory
Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

To recognize Dr. Perdew for his key role in the development of density functional theory (DFT) which has led to a fundamental understanding and design of the structure and behavior of materials. He “derived exact properties of the exchange-correlation energy, using exact constraints to construct the approximations widely used for applications across condensed matter physics, chemistry and materials science.” He is one of the most cited physicists.

Photograph of the 2015 Awardees: John Scott Committee with Awardees Dr. Madeleine M. Jouillie and Dr. John P. Perdew

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Dr. Susan Band Horwitz Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY Distinguished Professor & Co-Chair, Department of Molecular Pharmacology Rose C. Falkenstein Chair in Cancer Research Past President, American Association for Cancer Research	Recognized for her groundbreaking research in the development of drugs derived from natural products for the treatment of malignancies and on the challenges of dealing with the emergence of drug resistance in cancer.
Dr. Leonard Hayflick Professor of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Founding Member, Council of the National Institute on Aging Past President, Gerontological Society of America	Recognized for their pioneering work discovery that, unline immortal cancer cells, normal human cells are mortal. His interpretation of mortality as cellular aging established the modern era of aging research, and his development of a human cell strain used to make most human virus vaccines has benefitted billions world-wide. He is the author of the best-selling book, "How and Why We Age," which has sbeen translated into nine languages.
Dr. Paul S. Moorhead Emeritus Professor of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Past Director, Clinical Cytogenetics Lab at Children's Hospital, Philadelphia Past Supervisor, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine Cytogenetics Lab.	Recognized for his work at the Wistar Institute with Dr. Leonard Hayflick in the discovery that normal human cells are mortal, as well as his development of a technique for microscopically visualizing human and animal chromosomes that became a standard world-wide. The paper Dr. Moorhead co-authored in 1961 with Dr. Hayflick, "The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains," has become one of the most frequently cited scientific papers in modern history. Dr. Moorhead won the National Institutes of Health Career Development Award on three separate occasions.

Photographs of the 2014 Awardees: Dr. Susan Band Horwitz, Dr. Leonard Hayflick, Dr. Paul S. Moorhead, John Scott Committee with Awardees, Awardees

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Dr, N. Scott Adzick C.Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric Surgery at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Surgeon-in-Chief, CHOP Director, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery Professor, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Cynecology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA	Recognized for his contributions to the practice of fetal surgery, exploring cutting edge surgical treatment options for life-threatening fetal anatomic malformations.
Dr. P. Leslie Dutton Eldridge Reeves Johnson Professor of Biochemistry & Biophysics Director, Johnson Foundation of Molecular Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Fellow of the Royal Society	Recognized for his work on the elementary processes of oxidation-reduction and the diverse biological events coupled to them.
Dr. Robert L. Brent Head of Clinical & Environmental Teratology Research Lab A.I. duPont Hospital for Children Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, Radiology & Pathology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, PA Member, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences	Recognized for his work on environmental causes of birth defects including exposure to drugs, chemicals, and ionizing radiation.

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Dr. Paul J. Steinhardt
Albert Einstein Professor in Science
Director, Princeton Center for Theoretical Science
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ
He is also on the faculty of both the departments of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences.

Recognized for his pioneering achievements in developing the theory of quasicrystals and for co-discovering the first natural quasicrystals.
He shared the P.A.M. Dirac Medal from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 2002 for his contribution to the development of the inflationary model of the universe, and received the Oliver E. Buckley Prize of the American Physical Society in 2010 for his contribution to the theory of quasicrystals. He is the author of over 200 refereed articles, several technical books and numerous popular articles.

Dr. John Q. Trojanowski & Dr. Virginia Man-Yee Lee
Dr. Lee is the Director and
Dr. Trojanowski is the Co-Director
Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR)
University of Pennsylvania
Perelman School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA

Recognized for their groundbreaking research into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Dr. Trojanowski's research centers on molecular mechanisms of neuron dysfunction, degeneration and death in normal aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. Dr. D.Lee's research focuses on disease proteins that form pathological inclusions in hereditary and sporadic Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related neurodegenerative disorders of aging. Their research provides critical evidence for the direction of new areas of research that are needed to identify targets and create better treatments for these debilitating diseases.

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Dr. David E. Kuhl
Dr. Kuhl served as the Chief of the Division of Nuclear Medicine at the University of Michigan for 20 years and retired in 2011

Recognized for his groundbreaking work in positron emission tomography (PET). He pioneered the development of single proton emission computer tomography (SPECT), which led to PET. He remains a leading researcher in PET applications, particularly in the study of cardiovascular and brain function. His research is focused on introducing new measures of neurochemical and metabolic processes determined within the living brain, using radioactive molecular tracers and emission reconstruction tomography. He has also received the Japan Prize for his contributions to tomographic imaging in nuclear medicine and was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. He holds memberships and leadership positions in professional societies, including the American College of Radiology, American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, the Society of Nuclear Medicine, and the Association of University Radiologists.

Dr. Jenny Pickworth Glusker
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Philadelphia , PA

Recognized for her pioneering work in determining the three-dimensional structure of biologically important molecules. Dr. Glusker determined the molecular structure of a hexacarboxylic acid, derived from Vitamin B12, which led to the determination of the previously unknown chemical formula of Vitamin B12, the "anti-pernicious anemia factor," the largest molecular structure to be determined by x-ray diffraction methods as the time. Her work on the molecular structure of components of the Krebs cycle provided critical new insights into the molecular and biochemical aspects of metabolism. Her impact on our knowledge of the causes and possible treatment of cancer continued with her determination of the structures of numerous anti-tumor agents and important mutagens, including the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, which are the major carcinogens in tobacco smoke. Her novel triangular plots to represent the positions of metal ions with respect to the three most likely binding atoms in proteins, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, and her skillful analyses have greatly expanded our understanding and appreciation of the roles of metals in catalysis.

2010


Dr. Christian J. Lambertsen for his invention of the underwater breathing apparatus known as SCUBA	To recognize his invention of the underwater breathing apparatus known as SCUBA, which he first developed during World War II for use by the United States Navy while he was in the U.S. Army Medical Corps detached to the Office of Strategic Services. Dr. Lambertsen, a world renowned expert in hyperbaric medicine, founded the Institute for Environmental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He has taught at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School since 1946 and is currently Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Environmental Medicine.
Dr. William A. Eaton Biophysical Chemistry Section NIDDK, National Institutes of Health HistCite: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-eaton.html	To recognize his pioneering research on protein aggregation and folding. Dr. Eaton and his collaborators discovered the microscopic basis for the aggregation of sickle cell hemoglobin, thereby illuminating the pathophysiology and stimulating new treatments of sickle cell disease. More recently, they established a theoretical limit for how fast proteins fold into their functional structures. Dr. Eaton obtained his medical and scientific training at the University of Pennsylvania and is currently Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Physics at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.

2009

Dr. Bernard Fisher
Fellow in experimental surgery at the University of Pennsylvania where he was trained by I.S. Ravdin, is currently a Distinguished Service Professor of Surgery in the School of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh
Commentary by E. Garfield in The Scientist

For his pioneering research utilizing clinical trials in surgery that set a new course in the treatment of breast cancer. In creating new procedures for the treatment of many cancers, Dr. Fisher has greatly benefited mankind.

Dr. Lucy Shapiro
Professor of Developmental Biology, Senior Fellow of the Institute for International Studies and Director of the Beckman Center for Molecular
and Genetic Medicine, Stanford University.

HistCite : http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-shapiro.html

Dr. Harley H. McAdams
Research Professor in the Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University.

HistCite : http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/index-mcadams.html

To recognize their work in bringing the methods of electrical circuit analysis to the description
of genetic networks of the simple bacterium, Caulobacter. This husband and wife team,
comprising a microbiologist and a physicist, has pioneered the field of Systems Biology and
made seminal contributions through the study of the regulatory circuitry of this microorganism.
By creating a means to unravel the complexity of cellular processes they have greatly benefited mankind.

2008


Dr. Susan Solomon Senior Scientist National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Boulder, Colorado	To recognize her discoveries in establishing the mechanism of the depletion of Antarctic ozone by identifying a specific chemical reaction and making direct measurements of the predicted product of this reaction in the atmosphere of Antarctica. These and other scientific discoveries have resulted in international regulations that limit the emissions of the ozone damaging chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere and have thereby greatly benefited mankind.
Professor Timothy M. Swager John D. MacArthur Professor Head of the Department of Chemistry and the Associate Director Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bldg. 18-597 Cambridge, MA 02139	To recognize his pioneering developments in the design, synthesis and construction of functional assemblies of supramolecular materials that recognize specific molecules. In creating new chemo sensors that are being used for the detection of concealed explosive materials

2007


Dr. Joseph Vacanti John Homans Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School Chief of Pediatric Surgery and Director, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Organ Fabrication at Massachusetts General Hospital. Harvard University	For his pioneering work in tissue engineering, an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue or organ function. For his contributions to the design, fabrication and clinical application of living replacement devices for surgical reconstruction and transplantation and implantable, biodegradable systems that can act as devices to generate permanent new tissue.
Dr. Albert J. Stunkard Department of Psychiatry The Mahoney Institute of Neurological Sciences University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Founder of the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders	In recognition of his pioneering research on the genetics of obesity in childhood and the growth and development of children at high risk of obesity. For his contributions to psychosomatic medicine and his research on understanding and treatment of eating disorders. By improving the understanding of deviant eating patterns, and having developed treatment for eating disorders he has contributed significantly to the health and welfare of mankind.

2006


Dr. Franklin A. Davis Professor of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.	To recognize his discoveries of new experimental procedures for the synthesis of important molecular structures. By creating new synthetic methods that have been adopted by laboratories worldwide to aid in the synthesis of antitumor and other bioactive drugs, Professor Davis has contributed to the health and welfare of mankind.
Professor Irving L. Weissman Director of the Institute for Stem Cell Bioloogy and Regenerative Medicine and of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia, D.K. Ludwig Professor for Clinical Investigation in Cancer Research and Professor of Pathology and Developmental Biology at Stanford University.	For his seminal contribution to identifying and isolating the blood forming stem cells. By isolating the stem cells from humans, which then become the basis of successful bone marrow transplantation, Professor Weissman has contributed to the health and welfare of mankind.

2005


Professor JoAnne Stubbe Novartis Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology	To recognize her pioneering discovery of the molecular mechanism and the role of free radicals in the action of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase - discoveries that have led to the development of novel cancer therapies. Her work has improved our understanding of the biochemical synthesis of DNA, thus contributing to the health and welfare of mankind.
Dr. Saul Perlmutter Professor of Physics, University of California, Berkeley and Senior Fellow of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.	For his contributions to the discovery of some of the most distant supernovae and for making the first measurements of the cosmological constant. His work has led to unlocking the secrets of our universe and to developing promising new technologies that can have major impacts on basic science.

2004

story on winners for the year 2004...


Dr. Thomas E. Starzl Professor of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) program named in his honor: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute Winner of National Medal of Science (2005) Citation Classic Commentaries #1 and #2 Introductory Comments by Dr. Clyde F. Barker	To recognize his seminal contributions to the science and practice of organ transplantation.
Professor Barry M. Trost Tamaki Professor of Humanities and Sciences Stanford University, Stanford, CA Citation Classic Commentary HistCite File	To recognize his pioneering development of new organometallic reactions and their applications in organic synthesis.

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Dr. Bert Vogelstein Professor of Oncology and Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine HistCite File: #1, #2 Introductory Comments by Dr. Clyde F. Barker	Establishing a molecular basis for colon cancer and the resulting improvements in diagnosis and therapeutics. Characterizing the genes that cause colon cancer and applying his knowledge to patient management, thus contributing to better health and welfare of patients.
Dr. Daniel H. Janzen Thomas E. and Louise G. DiMaura Professor of Conservation Biology at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Citation Classic Commentaries #1 #2 HistCite File	Contributions to conservation biology based on the quantitative formulation of the consequences of seed predation to animals and plants resulting in better interface between society and tropical wildland biodiversity.

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story on winners for the year 2002...


Dr. Mario R. Capecchi Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics University of Utah, School of Medicine.	Seminal contributions to the development of a technique for the deletion or replacement of any gene in mice, leading to a greater understanding of human genetic diseases.
Professor Joseph M. DeSimone W.R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of North Carolina	Seminal contributions to the manufacturing and processing of polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide, thus reducing the use and generation of substances that are hazardous to human health and the environment.

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story on winners for the year 2001...


Dr. Vera Cooper Rubin Senior Researcher Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Carnegie Institution of Washington See profile in Science 295:960-61 February 8, 2002	Major contribution to establishing the existence of dark matter through analysis of experimental data, thereby enlarging our grasp of the universe and hence the scope of human endeavor.
Professor K. Barry Sharpless W.M. Keck Professor Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA	Pioneering research on asymmetric epoxidation, greatly facilitating the synthesis of drugs and sugars, thereby contributing to the health and welfare of mankind.

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story on winners for the year 2000...


Armstrong, Clay M. Professor of Physiology, University of Pennslyvania, Philadelphia, PA	Pioneering research on ion channel gating mechanism.
Adriaan Bax National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD	Seminal contributions to structural biology by advancing nuclear magneticresonanance.
Mary Dell Chilton Executive Director / VP of Agricultural Biotechnology, Novartis Seeds Inc. Research Triangle, NC Citation Classic Commentary	Pioneering research on the genetic modification of plants and her work on Crown Gall Disease.

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story on winners for the year 1999 ...


Mandelbrot, Benoit B. Prof. Citation Classic Commentary	Role in formulating concepts regarding fractal analysis and self similarity, which have impacted areas as diverse as human heartbeat dynamics and the fracturing of metals
Knudson, Alfred G. Dr.	Research on retinoblastoma, leading to the mutational theory of cancer causation and the concept of a tumor suppressor gene

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story on winners for the year 1998 ...


Blumberg, Baruch S. Dr. Citation Classic Commentaries #1 and #2	Studies of the relationship of the hepatitis B virus to hepatitis and liver cancer. Vaccine against hepatitis B is preventing newborn children from developing the disease
Folkman, Moses Judah, Dr.	Discovery of the mechanism and importance of angiogenesis and development of angiogenesis inhibitors as an approach to treating cancer

1997
story on winners for the year 1997 ... (scroll to the end of the article)

Brinster, Ralph L. Prof. Citation Classic Commentary	Research in transgenesis. Transgenic animals pioneered by him produce insight into such human genetic disorders as birth defects, cancer, heart disease
Cotton, Frank A. Prof. Citation Classic Commentary	Creating new paradigms for chemical bonding and synthesis in chemistry as well as their applications in catalysis and enzyme action

1996
story on winners for the year 1996 ...


Farber, David J. Prof. School of Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA	Seminal contributions to the field of computer networks and distributed computer systems. Involved in the creation of the DCS system and CSNET, forerunners of the Internet
Heilmeier, George H. Dr. Citation Classic Commentary	Development of liquid crystal displays and its applications in computers and consumer products

1995
story on winners for the year 1995 ...
also see Notebook item...


Marshall, Barry J. Dr.	Discovery of the bacterium, Helicobacter pylori and its direct role in causign peptic ulcers. His research was completed in the face of entrenched belief that ulcers are caused by release of excess acid in the stomach.
Mather, John C. Dr.	Unprecedented accuracy in measurements of temperature fluctuations in cosmic background radiation, thereby confirming predictions of the big bang model of the early universe
Taylor, Joseph H. Prof. Citation Classic Commentary	Discovery of the first binary pulsar. His detailed observations of the binary pulsar over a period of two decades have confirmed portions of Einstein's theory of general relativity and gravitation

1994
story on winners for the year 1994 ...


Mintz, Beatrice Dr.	Contribution in the field of developmental genetics. By the creative use of her allophenic mice, she has illuminated genetics through studies of development, function and disease. Her seminal work on manipulating the genetic constitution of mouse embryos enabled her to trace the clonal development of numerous tissues and thereby make contributions to the fields of health and disease that are unique for their quality, significance, and scope

1993
story on winners for the year 1993 ...


Croce, Carlo M. Dr.	Pioneering research in understanding human cancer. First to combine cyto-genetics and gene mapping to identify oncogenes involved in human malignancies and genetic mechanisms underlying the abnormal cell growth. These techniques are not widely used and hold great hope for the future.
Smalley, Richard E. Prof. (Nobelist - deceased October 28, 2005) Link to a HistCite collection of his papers: http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/histcomp/smalley-re_auth/ Archives 1973-2005 at Othmer Library, Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, Pa.	Pioneering research on techniques and concepts which led to the realization in the laboratory of a third form of carbon, after diamonds and graphite, now called Buckminsterfullerene or carbon-60. The existence of this new material has set off an exploration of materials research activity through the world.

1992


Chance, Britton Prof. Citation Classic Commentary	Pioneering achievements in shaping the field of quantitative biochemistry leading to the development of novel diagnostic methods in medicine. His pioneering clinical applications, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy and photon migration imaging, have significantly enhanced the scope of noninvasive study of disease
Mullis, Kary B. Dr.	Originating the concept of the polymerase chain reaction. Developed an ingenious simple recipe for copying segments of DNA, the genetic material, thereby contributing to progress in the fields of molecular biology and human genetics and in the early detection of disease.

1991


Patrick, Ruth Dr. Senior Curator of Limnology and Honorary Chairman of the Board of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA	Creative achievements in biology and ecology, especially seminal discoveries of the importance of species diversity to the health of aquatic life in rivers, and work on water pollution
I ppen, Erich P. Prof., MIT Shank, Charles V. Prof., Berkeley	Pioneering development of ultrashort laser pulses, thereby making possible new discoveries of elementary processes important in physics, biology, chemistry and engineering

1990


Koprowski, Hilary Dr., former Director, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA now at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia	Pioneering contributions to rabies research. Rabies vaccine developed is first new step in rabies immunization since Pasteur
Vogel, Orville, A. Dr. , Professor Emeritus, Washington State University	Invention of semidwarf wheats which have since spread across the world contributing measureably to the food supplies available worldwide

1989


Kamen, Martin D. Dr. , Professor Emeritus of Biology, University of California	Discovery and isolation of the long-lived radioisotope of carbon, Carbon-14
Heeger, Alan J. Dr., Professor of Physics at the University of California MacDiarmid, Alan G. Dr., Professor of Chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania	Pioneering research and invention in the field of metallic conducting polymers made from carbon compounds.

1988

No Awards Made

1987

No Awards Made

1986


Fraser, David William Dr., President - Swarthmore College, PA.. Distinguished Epidemiologist.	For his leading role in the team at the Center for Disease Control and elsewhere in identifying the cause of Legionnaires' Disease
Garfield, Eugene Dr., President and Chairman, Institute for Scientific Information	Pioneering in the field of information retrieval, scientometrics and scientific communication

1985

No Awards Made

1984


Drickamer, Harry G., Prof. Univ. of Illinois	Development of high pressure tuning of electronic orbitals
Milstein, Cèsar, Dr., Cambridge, England Kohler, Georges, Dr., Switzerland	Discovery of a method for the production of monoclonal antibodies

1983


Kolff, Willem J., MD, Ph.D. Univ. of Utah	Contributions to the development of the artitificial kidney and heart
Gould, Gordon, Optelecom, Gaithersburg, MD	Invention of the Laser

1982


Sternbach, Leo H., Ph.D., Dr.Tech. h.c. Hoffman-LaRoche Company, Nutley, NJ	Invention of benzodiazepines as useful drugs
Fishman, Jack, Prof. Rockefeller Univ. NY Blumberg, Harold, Prof.., NY	Invention and development of Naloxone as a morphine antagonist

1981


Black, James Whyte, Prof. Wellcome Foundation, London, England Citation Classic Paper	Drugs such as Cimetidine and Propanolol (Cimetidine is used for the medical cure of peptic ulcers; Propanolol is a most useful drug in the treatment of hypertension and various cardiac disorders)
Rubin, Ben, Dr., Wyeth Labs, Radnor, PA	Invention of the bifurcated vaccination needle which contributed to the eradication of smallpox

1980


Linvill, John G., Prof. Stanford University,CA Bliss, James D., Dr. Palo Alto, CA	Invention of the "Optacon"
Soper, Quentin F., Dr. Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN	Invention of herbicides known as 2,6-Dinitroanilines ("Treflan")

1979


Favaloro, Rene, MD, Guemes Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina Johnson, Dudley, W., MD, Milwaukee, WI Citation Classic Commentary	Contributions fo the development of coronary artery bypass surgery
Fuller, Buckminster R., Philadelphia, PA	Invention of the geodesic dome

1978

Walsh, Sir Alan, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Res. Org., Australia	Invention of the atomic absorption method for quantitative analysis of the elements
Ames, Bruce N., UCLA, Berkeley Citation Classic Commentary	Invention of Salmonella/Microsome Plate Assay (Ames Test)

1977


Hounsfield, Godfrey N., Dr. EMI Central Research Labs. Middlesex, England	Invention of the first practical computerized axial tomography system
Edman, Per, Dr.(Deceased prior award being made) Citation Classic Paper	Invention of amino acid sequencer

1976


Clarke, Sir Cyril A., Prof. University of Liverpool, England Citation Classic Commentaries #1 and #2 Freda, Vincent J., Dr., Columbia Univ. NY Gorman, John G., Dr., Columbia Univ. NY Pollack, William, Dr., Columbia Univ. NY	Invention of the method of prevention of Rhesus Haemolytic Disease
Lorenzen, Coby, Prof. Emeritus UCLA, Davis, CA Sluka, Steven, UCLA, Davis, CA	Inventions leading to the first practical tomato harvester
Hanna, Gordie C., Olericulturist Emeritus	Inventive development of varieties of tomatoes necessary for use of the harvester

1975


Graham, Robert P., Western Regional Research Center, USDA, Berkeley, CA	Invention of the dry caustic process of peeling fruits and vegetables
Holonyak, N., Jr., Prof. University of Illinois Citation Classic Commentary	Inventions leading to the first practical light emitting diode

1974


Kompfner, R. Dr., Stanford University, CA Pierce, John R., Prof.,CALTECH, CA	Invention in the development of the "Communications satellites"
Charnley, John, Dr., Manchester, England	Invention of the total prosthetic replacement of the hip joint

1973


Suckling, C.W., Dr., Buckinghamshire, U.K. Raventos, James, Dr., Cheshire, England	Invention of the inhalent anaesthetic halothane
Koch, Peter, Dr., Alexandria, LA.	Invention of the chipping headrig

1972


Reid, J. David, Dr. USDA, New Orleans, LO	Inventions contributing substantially and critically to the development of durable press cottons
Skeggs, Leonard T., Dr. VA Hospital, Cleveland,OH Citation Classic Commentary	Invention of the automatic analyzer
Anderson, Norman G., Dr.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN	Invention of the Zonal Ultra Centrifuge

1971


Gunn, J.B., Dr., IBM Research Division Yorktown Heights, NY	Invention of the first Gallium Arsenide Microwave Generator
Draper, Charles S., Charles Stark Draper Lab., MIT	Invention of the first practical inertial guidance system
Lathe, G.H., Professor, Leeds University, England Ruthven, C.G.R., Dr., London, England	Invention of the Gel Filtration Technique

1970


Ginsburg, Charles P., Redwood, CA	Method of recording pictures in motion on magnetic tape
Morgan, Stephen W.K.	Method of recovering zinc by a blast furnace
Mueller, E.W., Penna State University	Invention of the field of Ion Microscope and the Atom Probe

1969


Parkes, A.S., Dr. Christ's College, Cambridge, England Smith, Audrey U., Dr. London, U.K. Polge, Christopher, Dr. , U.K.	Method of low temperature preservation of living cells and tissues
Stacey, Maurice, Prof. Univ. of Birmingham, U.K.	Invention and method of manufacture of bacterial Dextran, blood plasma substitute
Jennings, Peter R., Dr. , Columbia, SA Chang, T.T., Dr. , Manila, The Phillipines Citation Classic Paper Beachell, Henry M., Laguna, The Phillipines	Invention of tropical dwarf rice IR 8
Pilkington, Alistair B. Lancashire, England	Float Glass Process

1968


Davis, Edward W., Prof. Silver Bay, MN	Inventions leading to the economic recovery of iron from Taconite ore
Cockerell, Christopher S., Hampshire, U.K.	"Ground Effects Machine" known as the Hovercraft

1967


Zoll, Paul M., Medical School, Harvard Univiversity	Heart Pacemaker
Fernandez-Moran, Humberto, Prof. Univ.Chicago	Diamond knife
Mertz, Edwin T., Prof. Purdue University Citation Classic Commentary Nelson, Oliver E., Dr. Purdue University	First high quality protein corn

1966


Bowles, Romald E., Dr. Engineering Corp. Silver Springs, Md. Horton, Billy M., Warren, Raymond W., Harry Diamond Lab, Washington DC	Fluid amplifiers
Hoerni, Jean. Dr. Fairchild Camera & Instrument Corp., CA.	Method of achieving true dimensional surface passivation of semi-conductor devices as an integral part of the basic manufacturing process

1965


Kolin, Alexander Prof. (Univ. of California)	Electro magnet flow meter
Florey, Sir Howard W., London, England	Inventive development and establishment of Penicillin as a therapeutic agent in medicine
Guthrie, John D., New Orleans, LA Reeves, Wilson A., New Orleans, LA	Invention of the Tetrakis (Hydroxymethyl) Phosphonium Chloride Process for flame proofing cellulosic textiles
McClure, Frank T., Johns Hopkins Univ. Md.	Invention of the satellite doppler navigation system

1964


Anger, Hal O., UCLA Berkeley	Positron Scintillation Camera
Sheehan, John C., MIT	Total synthesis of Penicillin and certain analogues of Penicillin
Carlson, Chester W.	Invention of the Xerox process
Schachman, H.A., UCLA Berkeley	Split Beam, Automatic, Photo-electric absorption optical system for ultra centrifuge

1963


Natta, Guilio, Prof. University of Milan	Process for making stereo regular (or isotactic) hydrocarbon polymers
Wain, R.L.,Prof. University of London	Group of weed killers known as "Butyric" weed killers
Lowry, Oliver H., Prof. Washington Univ., St. Louis	Method of isolating, preparing, weighing and chemically studying single nerve cells and sub cellular particles
Townes, Charles H., Provost MIT	Invention of the Maser

1962


Sparke, J.W. Aircraft Establishment, Hants, U.K.	RAE visual glide path indicator
Bickel, Horst, Dr., Prof. Pediatrics, Univ. Kinderklinik, Marburg, Germany Gerrard, John, Prof. Pediatrics, Univ. Saskatchewan, Canada Hickmans, Evelyn, Wolverhampton, U.K.	Method of controlling Phenylketonuria

1961


Knipling, E.F., Dr., Entomology Res. Div. USDA, Maryland Bushland, R.C., Dr., Livestock Insects Investigations, USDA, Texas	Method of eradicating screw worms and other destructive insects by eliminating reproduction through the rearing and release of sufficient sterile male flies
Eckert, J. Presper, Jr. Remington Rand Univac, Blue Bell, Pa Mauchley, John W., Dr., Mauchley Assoc. Ambler, Pa.	First large-scale electronic computer

1960


Coulter, Wallace H.	Invention of the Coulter fine particle counter and size analyzer
Forward, Frank A., Prof., Mining & Metallurgy Dept. Univ. of Br. Columbia	Forward process for extracting nickel and other metals from ore concentrates
Williams, F.C., O.B.E., Electrical Eng. Labs, Univ. of Manchester, U.K.	Super regenerative responder and other inventions in the radar responder field

1959


Randall, John T., Prof. of Physics University of London King's College Boot, Henry A.H., Dr.	Cavity Magnetron
Link, Karl P., Dr. Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin	Invention of Dicumarol and of the method of extraction
Lyon, Dean A., Dr.	Method of producing the first practically useful optical coating for the reduction of light reflection

1958


Holmes, Eric L., Research Chemist Adams, Basil A. Chemist	First practical synthetic ion exchange resins and their application
Dulbecco, Renato, M.D. Dept. of Biochemistry, CALTECH	Method of production of plaques with animal cells
Burroughs, Wise, Dr. Animal Husbandry, Iowa State College	Estrogen usage in cattle and sheep feeds
Martin, A.J.P., F.R.S. Chemical Consultant	Inventions in chromatography and particularly vapor phase chromatography

1957


Salk, Jonas E., M.D., Prof. of Bacteriology, University of Pittsburgh	Salk Poliomyelitis vaccine
Whittle, Air Commodore Sir Frank Aeronautical Engineer	First practical turbo-jet engine
Burton, Glenn W., Dr. , Principal Geneticist Georgia Coastal Plan Exp. Station Univ. of Georgia College of Agriculture	Coastal Bermuda Grass

1956


Swern, Daniel Dr. Animal Fats Sec., Agricultural Research USDA	Invention and subsequent development of epoxidized fatty compounds which are used as stabilizing plasticizers for vinyl plastics
Pearson, G.L. Physicist, Bell Labs Chapin, D.M. Electrical Engineer, Bell Labs Fuller, C.S., Chemist, Bell Labs	Invention of the Bell Solar Battery

1955


McFadden, Edgar S., Agronomist, Agricultural Exp. Station, Texas A&M	Origination and development of the first rust-resistant bread wheat
Olson, Harry F., Dr. Acoustical & Electro-mechanical Res. Lab RCA Labs, Radio Corp. of America	Invention of the Velocity Microphone
Beams, Jesse W., Prof. of Physics University of Virginia	Inventions in the field of centrifugation and particularly the magnetically supported centrifuge

1954


Williams Robley C., Dr. , Prof. of Biophysics, UCLA	Invention of a method of depositing thin metal films by thermal evaporation which has found practical application in mirror coatings for astronomy and in electron microscopy
Du Vigneaud, Vincent, Prof. of Biochemistry, Cornell Univ. Med. College	Synthesis of the important posterior pituitary hormone, oxytocin
Camras, Marvin, Research Physicist, Armour Research Fnd. of Ill. Inst. of Tech	Method and means of obtaining distortion free magnetic recording through high frequency bias
Bardeen, John, Prof. Physics & Elec. Eng. University of Illinois Brattain, Walter H., Dr., Bell Telephone Lab	Invention of the transistor
Sikorsky, Igor T., Sikorsky Aircraft, Div. of United Aircraft Corp.	Invention of the first practically useful single sustaining rotor helicopter
Powers, John B., Dept. of Agriculture, UCLA	Color sorter for fruits and vegetables

1953


Houdry, Eugene T.	Inventions in the catalytic cracking process for the refining of petroleum
Gibbon, John H., Dr., Prof. of Surgery & Dir. of Surgical Res., Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia	Invention of the heart-lung apparatus

1952


Seaborg, Glenn T. Dr., Prof. of Chemistry, UCLA	Discovery and invention of the transuranium elements - Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berkelium and Californium
Alvarez, Louis Walter, Dr., Prof. of Physics, UCLA	Invention of the ground control approach radar landing system

1951


Couch, James F., Dr., Chemist in charge of Tobacco Section, USDA	Process for the extraction of rutin from buckwheat
Plunkett, Roy J., Dr., Organic Chemicals Dept. E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Co.	Invention of polytetrafluoroethylene

1950

No Awards Made

1949


Caldwell, Frank W., Director of Research United Aircraft Corp.	Development of controllable pitch propeller
Bennett, Harry T., Chief Chemist, Mid Continental Petroleum Corp.	Stabilization of cracked gasoline
Story, LeRoy G., Dr.	Associated with Swift & Co. stabilization of Cracked gasoline
King, Charles Glen, Dr. Scientific Director, The Nutrition Foundation, Inc	Isolation and identification of Vitamin C
Waksman, Selman A., Dr., Prof of Microbiology, Rutgers University	Discovery and development of Streptomycin

1948


Tuve, Merle A., Dr., Director, Carnegie Inst.	Development of Proximity Fuze
Kharasch, Morris S., Prof. of Chemistry. University of Chicago	Development of organic mercurial seed disinfectants

1947


Seibert, Florence B. Dr., Assoc. Prof. Biochemistry, Henry Phipps Inst.	Development of the purified protein derivative of Tuberculin

1946


Kerst, Donald W. Dr.	Betatron or induction electron accelerator

1945


Goodhue, Lyle D. Dr.	Invention of aerosol insecticides
Cohn, Edwin J. Dr.	Methods of yielding separated blood proteins of therapeutic value
Goodpasture, Ernest W. Dr.	Growth of viruses in chick embryos
Doering, William E. Dr. Woodward, Robert B. Dr.	Total synthesis of quinine
Schull, George H. Dr.	Origination of hybrid corn

1944


Fleming, Sir Alexander	Discovery of Penicillin

1943


Dandy, Walter E., M.D.	Development of Ventriculography
Bush, Vannevar, Dr.	Development of the differential analyzer
Garand, John C.	Invention of the U.S. Rifle Cal. .30 MI
Jackson, Chevalier, M.D.	Devising instruments and methods useful in Bronchoscopy
Shope, Richard E. Dr.	Discovery of the complex etiology of swine influenza
Stader, Otto Dr.	Invention of the reduction and fixation bone splint

1942


Armstrong, Major Edwin H.	Work in frequency modulation in radio
Williams, Robert R. Dr.	Work in Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Robinson, Vice Admiral Samuel Murray	Outstanding wok in warship design and construction
Taylor, Arthur Hoyt, Dr.	Important researches in application of radio to naval purposes

1941


Wangensteen, Owen H., M.D.	Development of syphonage treatment of intestinal obstruction

1940

No Awards Made

1939

No Awards Made

1938


Stanley, Wendell M.	Isolation of the tobacco mosaic virus in crystalline form
Land, Edwin H.	Invention of a substance designated "Polaroid"

1937


Graham, Evarts A. Dr.	Application of the X-Ray in the treatment of the gall bladder
Coolidge, W.D. Dr.	Application of new principle in x-ray tubes
Langmuir, Irving Dr.	Physical-chemical discoveries resulting in improved incandescent lamps

1936


Kettering, Charles F.	Invention of the first electrical-mechanical self starter for use in connection with automobiles
Kelley, George S.	Invention of the Kelley dust trap used in the prevention of Silicosis
Ewing, James M.D.	Pioneer work in classifying tumors, a discovery of incalculable value in the treatment of malignant growths.

1935

No Awards Made

1934


Mehl, Robert F. Dr.	Radiography of metals
Richards, A. Newton Dr.	Function of the kidneys
Tesla, Nikola Dr.	Polyphase system of generating, transmitting, distributing and utilizing electricity

1933


Conrad, Frank Dr.	Application of short wave radio
Minot, George Richards, M.D.	Liver cure in pernicious anemia
Neesson, C.R. Galson, H.L. Heller, H.C. Steinfeld, H.K.	Production of the De la Vergne airconditioning apparatus

1932


Budd, Edward G.	A novel method of welding, designated shot welding of stainless steel, and its fabrication into structural members of very light weight and high sustaining power.
Emerson, George H	Water tube fire box boilers for steam locomotive
Emmet, W.L.R.	Mercury vapor boiler and its practical application for power purposes
Slepian, Joseph	Discoveries in the field of deionization of gases and fundamental and outstanding inventions involving these discoveries

1931


Marconi, Guglielmo	Wireless telegraphy
Vauclain, Samuel M	Manifold improvements in steam locomotive
Temple, Robert M.	Benjamin Franklin dough mixing and kneading machine
Emery, Albert H.	Mechanical device for testing materials
Peters, Orville S.	Electric telemeter, a recording device for noting the stresses in bridge members, etc.
Kingsbury, Albert	Thrust bearing for use in ships and heavy machinery
Herr, Herbert T.	Miscellaneous inventions and discoveries in the field of reduction gearing used in connection with the turbo-electric drive; for the air-brake for checking speed of trains; for improvements in steam turbins and internal combustion engine
Drinker, Philip Shaw, Louis A.	Apparatus for administration of artificial respiration
de la Cierva, Juan Pitcairn, Harold F.	Invention of the autogiro, its improvement and development as a propelling and stabilizing force for "heavier than air" craft, and its introduction into America
Carrier, Willis H.	Apparatus for air conditioning

1930

No Awards Made

1929


DeForest, Lee, Electrical Engineer	Audio used in radio
Dubbs, Carbon P., Chem. Eng.	Process for economically producing gasoline on a large scale
Field, Allan Bartram, Elec. Eng.	Mathematical paper on eddy currents in large slot-wound conductors
Levaditi, Constantin, M.D. Sazerac, Robert, M.D. (Both of Pasteur Institute)	Joint discovery of the use of Bismuth in the treatment of Syphilis
Edison, Thomas A.	Numerous inventions

1928


Evans, Herbert M, M.D.	Anti-sterility vitamin
McBride, Thomas C., M.E.	Locomotive feed water heater
Bovie, William T., M.D.	Development of an electro-surgical apparatus
Arnold, Harold D., Ph.D.	Development of the three-electrode high vacuum thermionic tube

1927


Amaral, Alfranio do, Dr.	Preparation of Antivenins
Hess, Alfred F., M.D.	Method of producing a vitamin factor in food by ultra-violet light
Ives, Herbert E., Physicist	Electrical telephotography and television
Kneass, Strickland L.	Exhaust steam injector
Knowles, Dewey DeForest	Grid glow tube
Rous, Peyton, M.D.	Devices and development of a filtration technique for separation from tumor cells a substance producing sarcomain fowls

1926


Earle, Ralph, Educator and Engineer	14" naval railway gun mounts and mine barrage across the North Sea, used in World War
Elman, Gustaf W., Physicist	Permalloy and its application in transmission of messages
Hayes, Harvey C., Ph.D.	Sonic depth finder and other submarine signalling devices

1925


Mousekeeper, William G., E.E.	Method of sealing through glass, metals having widely different expansion coefficients -- known as "copper glass seal" and is gas tight
Morton, Charles H.	Development of grinding and invention of apparatus for precision grinding
Harrison, Ross G., Ph.D., M.D.	Method of tissue culture, etc.
Barber, Marshall A., Ph.D.	Devices for the micro-dissection of living cells
Wright, Orville	Development of Flying Machines

1924


Banting, Frederick G., M.D.	Research leading to a potent extract of the pancreas-insulin.
Coblentz, William W., Ph.D.	Thermophiles and radiometers for measuring stellar radiation
McCollum, Elmer Verner, Ph.D. Sc.D.	Research on Vitamins
Modjeski, Ralph, D.Eng.	Skill and success in building of large bridges

1923


Day, Arthur L, Ph.D., Sc.B.	Organization of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. Development of fine optical glass in this country (formerly derived only from Germany).
Eijkman, C J, M.D.	First produced, experimentally, a disease like Beri-Beri by feeding polished rice to chickens. This work has been applied to man and has called attention to an unrecognized element in food and started the study of dietary disease.
Aston, Francis William, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.	Development of the mass-spectrography and its use in the study of isotopes
Thomson, Sir Joseph John, O.M., F.R.S., LL.D, Ph.D, D.Sc.	Development of the physics of the electron and the identification of it as the Atom of Negative Electricity

1922


Duane, William, Ph.D.	Research in radio-activity and of the physics of radium and x-rays
Osborne, Thomas, Ph.D.	Fundamental studies on the constitution of the vegetable proteins
Fessenden, Reginald A.	Invention of a reception scheme for continuous wave telegraphy as distinguished from the damped or spark system used by Marconi
Haynes, Elwood, B.S.	Produced an alloy consisting of practically pure nickel and pure chromium; also an alloy named "Stellite". Discovered stainless steel.

¹⁹²¹


Curie, Marie Skladowska	Discovery of radium and the determination of its radioactive properties

¹⁹²⁰


Hartness, James M.E.	Invention of high powered machine tools
Kandall, Edward C., Ph.D.	Research on Thyroxin
Mees, Charles E. Kenneth, D.Sc.	Research on structure of photographic images
Noguchi, Hideyo, M.D.	Research on the cause and prevention of Yellow Fever

¹⁹¹⁸


Dressler, Conrad D’Huc	Dressler Tunnel Kiln
Fahy, Frank P.	Fahy Permeameter
Sweetland, Ernest J.	Sweetland Filter Press

¹⁹¹⁷


Bilyeu, Thomas	International Money Machine.
McCall, Thomas A.	Hooven Automatic Typewriter.
Schoop, Max Ulrich	Schoop Metal Spraying Process
Tattersall, Alfred Rishworth	Midget Marvel Flour Mill
Yeomans, Lucien I.	Method of Machine Construction

¹⁹¹⁶


Akeley, Carl E.	Cement Gun
Dorr, John V. N.	Hydrometallurgical Apparatus
Hanson, Hans Hart, Frederick A.	Invention Embodied in John Underwood & Co. 's Combined Typewriting and Calculating Machine

¹⁹¹⁵


Anderson, Harold N.	Gear Rolling Machine
Goldberg, Hyman E. Wahl, J.C.	Adding Machine, Calculating Attachment for Typewriters
Hardinge, H. W.	Conical Pebble Mill
Street, Clement F.	Locomotive Stoker

¹⁹¹⁴


Batdorf, Chas . S.	Coin counting and wrapping machine
Cerasoli. Alberto and Humphrey, HA.	Humphrey Pump
Guillaume, Chas. Edward	Alloy Invar
Kent, Arthur Atwater	Unisparker, Ignition System
Sperry, E.A.	Gyroscopic Compass
Spielman, Adolph	Cloth Cutting Machine

¹⁹¹³


Higgins, A. Jacobs, C.	Alundum refractories

¹⁹¹²


Alger, H.C.	Liquid measurer
Cowper-Coles, Sherard	Process for depositing metals on metallic surfaces
McKee, M.A.	Process of treating printing plates

¹⁹¹¹


Behrend, Bernard Arthur	High speed electric generators

¹⁹¹⁰


Baekeland, Dr. Leo H.	Bakelight
Lovekin, L.D.	Device for relieving forces due to inertia and weight of valve gears
Reno, J.W.	Escalator, Inclined Elevator
Tirrill, A.A.	Voltage Regulator
Welin, A.	Life saving appliances on board ships

¹⁹⁰⁹


Colby, E.A.	Electric furnace for melting metals
Dietz, Gustav	High speed photographic between-lens shutter
Ellis, H.	Combined calculating and writing machine
Herr, H.A.	Liquid extracting by hydraulics automatically
Jewell, Major R. Powers, Timothy B. Kelly, John F.	Telelectric piano player
McFarlan Moore, D.	The Moore light
Pfatischer, Matthais	Improvement in variable speed motors
Shore, A.F.	Scieroscope
Wetzel, F.J.	Automatic Mechanical Stoker
Jenkins, C.F.	Motion picture apparatus

¹⁹⁰⁸


Ballentine, William I.	Process of testing the hardness and density of metals
Reagan, J.	Improvements in grate bars
Talbot, B.	Improvements in the manufacturing of steel

¹⁹⁰⁷


Engelhard, C.	Heraeus LeChatelier Pyrometer
Frahm, Herman	Speed Indicator, Frequency Teller and Revolution Center
Ives, F.E.	New color meter
Sargent, C.E.	Complete expansion gas engine
Walter, L.H.	Detection of electrical oscillations
Wood, R.W. Prof	Diffraction color photographs

¹⁹⁰⁶


Browning, John M. (Colt's Patent Fire Arms Mfg.)	Automatic pistols
Chenoweth, Alexander C.	Steel concrete foundation piles
Heraeus, W . C.	Quartz gloss mercury lamp
Palmer, Frederick Reynolds, J.R. Tirrell, J.P.	Engine stop and speed limit system
Reed, Chas. J.	Speed-Jack.
Schmidt, Max E.	Moving platforms

¹⁹⁰⁵


Downes L. W.	Fireproof insulated wire
Byron, E.	Process for flame regulation
Frazer Dr. P.	Quantitative colorimetry
Hallowell, Howard T.	Shaft hangers
Ives, F.E.	New form of replica of rowland diffraction grating
Kurtz, David T.	Process of electrically welding heads in caps and screw and bolts
Nernst Lamp Company	Incandescent lamp
Parkinson, Edward	Knitting machine
Rondinella, Lino F.	Photo-printing machine
Rosenbaum W.A.	Automatic hydraulic letter copying press
Semple, John Bonner	Sheel torch or tracer *
Walter, Dr. B.	Schaltung, an electric switch
Wehnelt, Dr. A.	Interrupter for induction machines

¹⁹⁰⁴


Brill, John A.	Convertible and Semi-convertible Cars, "Eureka" maximmum traction truck
Burrows, Amos E.	Feed Water Regulator
Campbell, Charles H. Campbell, Pearl T.	Reconstructed Milk
Doble, Wm. A	Improvement in the form of baskets for tangential water wheel
Dodge, James M.	Storage structure for coal and analogous material
Heany, John Allen	Enclosed arc lamp
Ives, Frederick B	Parallax Stereogram
Furbish, Zachary T.	Ratchet Tools
Jones, Evan William	Underfeed Mechanical Stoker
Lattig, J. William	Automatic Electric Semaphore Signal
von Z. Loss, H.V.	Manufacturer of solid steel railway wheels by hydraulic forging with subsequent rolling
Moore Lee C.	Wire testing machine
Nichols, H.B. Voynow, C.B.	Cast zinc joint for railroad bonding
See, Horace	Hydro-Pneumatic Ash Ejector
Shuman, F.	Concrete pile for foundations
Wheeler, Dr. Schuyler S.	Electric Buzz Fan

¹⁹⁰³


Burger, Henri J.	Photo-Polychrome Printing Press
Cross, William A.	Horizontal Folding Doors
Duncan, Joseph S.	Addressograph
McCurdy Arthur W.	Apparatus for developing photographic roll films
Mellor L.B.	Device for measuring and recording the variable diameter of tubes
Morse, Everett F.	Heat Gauge
Sachs, J.	Enclosed fuse protective devices
Taylor, C.M. Jr.	Adsorption process for butter making

¹⁹⁰²


Bradley, Andrew J.	Stencil machine
Claud, George M.A. Hess, George A. Fouche, Edmund	Process of storing explosive gases
Hammer, William J.	Telephone relay - Long distance phonographic and telephonic sound experiments between New York and Philadelphia.
Hermann, Henry O.	Star ventilator
Ihlder, J.D. Smith, A.C. Sundh, August Otis, Sidney	Electric Elevator
Leonard, H.W.	System of motor control
Lewis, Wilfred Tabor, Harris Mumford, E.	Molding machines
Lincoln, P.M.	Synchronism Indicator
Rites, F.M.	Shaft governors
Schellenbach, William S.	System of gearing
Stieringer, L.	Improvements in the art of electric illumination
Walsh, Edward M. Walsh, Sydney B.	Method of making large objects from adventurine glass
Wirt, Charles	Rheostat

¹⁹⁰¹


Acheson, Edward C.	Process for Artificial Production of Graphite
Adt, J.B.	Tobacco Machines
Albert, C.F.	Improvements in Musical Instruments
American Prismatic Light Company	Light projecting glass
Bardwrell, Arthur F.	Votometer
Blakey, Thos. Wilkinson Courtenay, William	Reconstructed granite as a material for insulating purposes
Blickensderfer, Geo. C.	Typewriting Machine
Carney, Thomas Patterson, J.H. Patterson, F. J. Cook, Hugh	Improvements in Cash Registers
Darling, J. D.	Electrical Production of Metals and Nitric Acid from Fused Nitrates
Dobbins, Edward J. Moffat, George	Improvement in Light Projecting Glasses
Dock, Herman	Tool for cutting screw threads - The Rivett-Dock thread tool
Gillespie, Alfred J.	Voting machines
Hahl, Augustus L.	Improved pneumatic clock
Haines, Robert B., Jr.	Automatic Micrometer rolling mill plate gauge
Humphrey, Frank A.	Circular saw machine and guide
Kneass, Strickland L.	Improvements on injectors
Mershon, Ralph D.	Station Potential indicator or compensator
Morse, Everett F.	Drive chain
Richards, Joseph	Balance for testing white metal alloys
Shimer, Porter W.	Combustion crucible
Thomson, Elihu	Constant electric current arc light transformer

¹⁹⁰⁰


Bell, Chichester A. Tainter, Summer	Graphophone - Apparatus for recording sound
Reinhold Hakewessel & F.C. Henn	Automatic Screw and Metal Working Machine
Hopkins, Nevil Monroe	Pneumatic System for Preventing the Bursting of Water Pipes by Freezing
Hough, James Laughlin, Samuel J.	Drawing tables
Lowry, George A.	Improved press for cotton, wool, jute - Baling Machine
Swenson, Magnus (American Cotton Company)	Round-lap baling cotton compress
Wait, William B.	The Kleidograph, Machine for tangible writing for touch reading

¹⁸⁹⁹


Batcheller, B.C.	Pneumatic Dispatch Tube Apparatus
Fellows, E.R.	Machine and cutter for generating gear teeth
Fisher, Robert T.	Book and Letter Typewriter
Groupe, A.V.	Braiding machine
Moskowitz, Morris	Improved system of car lighting
Sexton, Albert	Slide Rule (Omnimeter)
Steinhart, Alfred Uehling, Edward, A.	Gas Composimeter

¹⁸⁹⁸


Blondel, Andre Paarowdaki, Spiridion	Holophane globes
Cooper, Daniel M.	Time recorder
Dunn, Lt. B.W.	Testing machine for measuring intensities of impulsive forces
Hyatt, John W.	Elastic spiral anti-friction roller bearings
Jackson, Walter W. Connet, Frederick N.	Venturi Meter
Mueller, Herman C.	Process of and apparatus for manufacturing mosaics
Reddaway, Frank	Camel hair belting
Sayen, Henry Lyman	Improvement in Roentgen-Ray apparatus
Severy, Melvin L.	Impression process
Steinhart, Alfred Uehling, Edward A.	Pneumatic pyrometer
Willmunder, Herman	Swivel loom

¹⁸⁹⁷


Almond, Thomas R.	Flexible metallic tube
Berliner, Emile	Gramophone
Brown, Edward	Improvements in pyrometers
Burroughs, W.S. (American Arithmometer Company)	Calculating machine
Durkee, G.B. and Golding, John F.	Expanded Metal
LeClere, Francis	Black Printing Process
Levy, Louis E. Levy, Max	Screens for photo-mechanical engraving
Morris, Henry G. Salom, Pedro G.	Automobile vehicle (Electrobat)
Outerbridge, Alexander E. Jr.	Investigations in the molecular physics of cast iron
Williams, John N.	Typewriting machine
Webster, William R.	Observations on relations between chemical constitution and ultimate strength of steel

¹⁸⁹⁶


Balzer, Stephen M.	Device for backing off and forming milling cutters
Carroll, William T.	Non metallic bearings
Crehore, Albert Cushing Squier, George, O.	Polarizing Photo-Chronograph
Grant, George B.	Improved calculating machine
Hopkins, Edward P.	Electric Arc Lamp
Johnston, A. Langstaff	Bonding joint for electrical railways
Marsden, Mark W.	Corn pith cellulose
McCracken, Edwin D.	Insulated electrical conductors
Milliau, Edward	Apparatus for analyzing fats and oils
Printiss, Harry S.	Automatic calendar
Richards, Joseph	Solder for aluminum

¹⁸⁹⁵


Bates, Albert J.	Valve trips for Corliss Engine
Beadle, Clayton; Bevan, Edward J and Cross, Charles F..	Cellulose Products
Goldstein, Albert	Pneumatic fire alarm telegraph system
Jandus, William	Incandescent arc lamp
Stackhouse, Thomas H.	Diagraph
Willins, Peter William	Steam engine

¹⁸⁹⁴


Acheson, Edward G.	Carborundum
Bramwell, William C.	Feeding machine for fibrous material
Branson, David Thornburgh, Robert D. Fuller, J.E. Starr, John E.	System of artificial refrigeration through street pipe lines from central stations
Bramwell, William C.	Feeding machine for fibrous material
Cleborne, Dr. Christopher James	U.S. Naval bedstead
Dunham, Joseph N. McKemmil, John	Metallic drawing rolls
Edson, Jarvis B.	Pressure recording gauge
Marchlet, George F., Jr. Reichhelm, E.P.	System of producing fuel gas
Morsell, W.F.C.	Application of complementary color designs and crystal patterns
Payen, Clement	Chloride electrical storage battery
Perry, Nelson W.	System of series of electric traction for railways
Pontrichet, F.	Heliographic paper. Black print process.
Priestman, Samuel Priestman, William Dent	The Priestman Oil Engine
Riefler, Sigmund	Mercurial Compensation Pendulum for clocks of precision
Shuman, Frank S.	Process and apparatus for embedding wire netting in glass
Spiro, Charles	Improvement in typewriters - Barlock Typewriter
Tweddell, Ralph Hart	Application of hydraulic power to mechanical work
Weidig, Dr. H.P.	Chemical fire extinguisher
Wilkin, John T.	Method and apparatus for generating cycloidal surfaces
Wurts, Alexander J.	Lightning arresters for lighting and power circuits and non-arching metal

¹⁸⁹³


Baldwin, F. Ruel	Boiler tube cleaner
Berkefeld, W.	Germ proof water filter
Bridgman, Henry L.	Automatic ore sampling machine
Field, D.W. and Spencer, John E.	Spencer Damper Regulator
LaRue, Silas H.	Improved stove for soft or bituminous coal

¹⁸⁹²


Almond, Thomas R.	Angular coupling
Bennor, Joseph	Knitting machines
Burton, George D.	System of electrical forging
Clark, George, S.	Improvements in safety vaults
Emerson, James	Power Scale
Fuller, Frederick L. Griswald, George H.	Cash registers, indicators
Gibbons, C.L.	Improvement in street railway construction
Jones, John R.	Method of rolling tapered axles
Lundgren, Charles M.	Incandescent gas light
McClellan, Ezra S.	Anti-siphon trap-vent
Meylan, Eugene and Reckniewski, Camille S.	Electric Meter
Shay, Ephraim	Patent geared locomotive

1891


Anderson, William	Process of Water Purification
Dodge, Wallace H.	System of Rope Transmission
Garrod, R. P.	Pneumatic Annunciator
Goetz, G.M.	Goetz-Mitchell system of anchoring beams
Hadfield, Sir Robert A.	Discovery of Manganese Steel
Hannay, J. B. Shedlock, Alfred	Improved System of Illumination Known as Lucigen
Hart, Edward	Improved hydrofluoric acid container
Hart, W.	Hoisting machines
Johnson, E. H.	System of Interior Conduits for home electrical wiring
LeClere, Francis	Differential Gear Wheel / Toothed Gear Wheel
Mason, A. J.	Washer-Punching Machine
Pentz, A.D.	Boring and milling engine
Roeder, Fred A. Springer, Fred	Improvements in torsion balance
Speidel, John G.	Hoisting machines
Stahlberg, C.	Time dating stamp
Vauclain, Samuel M.	Improvements in making truck-wheel centers
Williams, C.D.	Revolving show window

1890


Bristol, W.H.	Recording pressure gauge
Burton, W. Leigh, M.D.	Electric heater
Chenoweth, Alexander C.	Method of laying continuous electrical conduits
Ehbets, C.J.	Colts new Navy Revolver
Felt, Dorr E.	Comptometer
Lopex de Haro, A.	Electric sea compass; automatic electric log line
Hellings, J.	Mail bag fastening
Hobson, A.E.	Hydraulic shaping press
Ives, F.E.	Projecting lantern and appurtenances
Lowe, J.	Spinning mule
MacCoy, J.S.	Pneumatic tool
McIntire, C.	Electric wire connectors
Merket, Luzerne and Thomas, Almer	Tempered copper
Meyers, J.G.	Improved mausoleum
Richards, T.A.	Ruling machine
Ridgway, W.H.	Balanced crane
Root, J.B.	"Spiral Weld" tubing
Van Kannel, T.	Storm door
Wootten, J.E.	Locomotive and boiler

1889


Abt, R.	System of mountain railways
Atkinson, J.	Gas engine
Castner, H.Y.	Manufacture of sodium and potassium
Edison, T.A.	Mimeograph
Koyl, C.H.	Parabolic Semaphore
Maddox, R.L.	Substitution of gelatin for collodion in photography
Marks, A.A.	Artificial limbs
Mergenthaler, O.	Linotype
Shaw, T.	Instrument for testing ignitible gases in mines
Teal, C.A.	Portable hoist
Thomson, Elihu	Electric welding
White, O.C.	Adjustable extension movement in ball and socket joints; with protest against award

1888


Cyclostyle Company	Cyclostyle
Gates, John	Lubricator
Hexamer, C.J.	Preventing and extinguishing explosive fires in grinding mills
Hyatt, I.S.	Pure water system
Outerbridge, A.E. Jr.	Carbonizing fabrics and obtaining castings therefrom
Woodruff, W.N.	System of keying for machinery
Ziegler, G.W.	Trestles and scaffolding system

1887


Bilgram, H.	Bevel gear cutter
Cowles, Eugene H. and Alfred H.	Electric smelting furnace
Hallock, D.	Weighing scales
Ives, F.E.	Isochromatic photography
March, L.J.	Improvements in the magic lantern
Spellier, L.H.	Electric clock

1886


Callahan, Edward A.; Delany, Patrick B.; LaCour, Paul	Improvements in synchronous multiplex telegraphy
Chabot, C.	Forming bevelled rims on watch casesWheel hubs
Grau, P.J.	Feed water purifier and heater
Green, F.V.	Extracting oil and albuminoid matter from corn
Hall, M.W.	Duplex steam pump
Moser, L.	Bohemian glassware
Phelps, L.J.	Induction telegraph
Phoenix Iron Company	Automatic cut-off steam engine
Pratt & Whitney Company	System of interchangeable cut gears
Yaryan, H.T.	System of evaporation in vacuo

1885


Chabot, C.	Shoe sewing machine
Chabot, C.	Sole channelling machine
Chabot, C.	Sole edge turning machine
Doerr, John Henry and Wigmore, William H.	Sleeping car
Orum, Morris L.	Lock
Siemens, Frederick	Regenerative gas burner
Spratt, Orlands W.	Mercury seal trap
Townsend, I.	Tent slip
Wills, S.	Journal bearing and car axle-box

1884


Bennor, Joseph	Siphon trap
Burrell, John M. and Metzler, C.E.	Railway signal lantern
Eldridge, G.M.	Electro magnetic protector for electrical instruments
Jay, P.E.	Automatic anti-freezing valve
Woodbury, C.J.H.	Testing electric light mains

1883


Ashford, H.	Boat attaching and detaching apparatus
Beecher, J.	Hollow handled cutlery
Blodgett Bros.	Electric signal clock
Brehmer, Hugo and Heyl, Henry Rand	Wire book sewing machine
Eckstein, H.G.	Feed water heater
Hall, T.	Typewriter
Nacke, A.	Screw cutting attachment
Pratt & Whitney Co.	Taps and gauges
Shaw, Thomas	Friction buffer
Whitall, H.	Planisphere

1882


Bilgram, H.	Gearing for metal planers
Kemble, B.H.	Wheel hubs

1879-1881

No Awards Made

1878


R. Datton & Co.	Mowing machine
Goodwin, William Farr	New Mechanical Movement
Miller, D.K.	Self-locking padlock
Seymour, C.	Balance for pulleys, fly wheels, etc.

1877


Behrns, G.L.H. and Bremar, A	Aspirator for mill stones
Grant, G.B.	Calculating machine
Shaw, Thomas	Spiral exhaust nozzle

1876


Chambers, C.	Brick Machine
Orum, Morris L.	Mandrel for bending metal pipes

1875


Baker, J.G.	Pressure blower
Brittin, J.W. and Brittin, Tatham B.	Safety catch for elevators
Carleton, C Wilcox, Charles H.	Automatic tension and improvements in sewing machines
Davis, J.A.	Vertical feed for sewing machines
Gliddens C., Latham Sholes C., Soule Samuel W.	Typewriter
Goodes, E.A.	Sewing machine
Goodyear, R.B.	Harness Motion for Power Looms
Goodyear, R.B.	Shuttle box operating mechanism
Heyl, H.R.	Wire fastened paper boxes
Hutchins & Mabbitt	Tilting chair
J.Mortan Poole & Co.	Invention for grinding metallic calendar rolls
Prunty, J.E.	Relief valve
Roots, P.H. and F.M.	Rotary pressure blower
Rorer, T.J.	Improved belting
Tyson, C.	Machine to unite uppers to the soles of boots and shoes
G. Wale & Co.	The college lantern

1874


Baldwin, F.S.	Calculating Machine
Chambers, C.	Book folding and pasting machine
Westinghouse, G. Jr.	Railway car brake

1873


Irwin, J.H.	Lantern
Wharton, William Jr.	Safety Railway Switch

1872

No Awards Made

1871


Shaw, Thomas	Gunpowder pile driver

1869-1870

No Awards Made

1868


Richardson, J.H.	Improved signal lantern

1861- 1867

No Awards Made

1860


Ritchie, E.S.	Improved Rhumkorff Coil

1859


Fawkes, J.W.	Steam Plow

1858


Francis J.B..	Tooth Extractor

1857

No Awards Made

1856


Chauvenet, W.	Great Circle Protractor
Dale, J.D.	Wood moulding machine

1855

No Awards Made

1854


Atkins, J.	Self-Raking Automaton Reaper and Mower
Bates, R.	Instrument for the cure of stammering
McMahan, J.	Stereotype
Thum, C.D.	Varnish Brushes

¹⁸⁵³


Dilks, J..	Water guages
Faber, G.	Magnetic Water Guage
Receveur, P.N.	Rose Engine (Lathe)
Senneff, J.	Metallic Heddles

¹⁸⁵²


Goddard, K.	Carriage Axle
Parsons, L.H.	Scale measure

1851


Grimes, W.C.	Water guage for steam boilers

1850


Carnell, C.	Brick Machine

1849


Villeroi, M.	Telescope

1848


Colton, Sabin W.	Locks
Heckrotte, A.G.	Car coupling
Palmer B.F.	Artificial Leg
Stellwagon H.S.	Sounding Apparatus

1847


Parker, Zebulon	Water Wheel

1844-1846

No Awards Made

¹⁸⁴³


Jones Alfred C.	Shaft Couplings

1842


Anderson, L	File cutting
Babbitt, I.	Soft metal boxes
Calderhead A.	Looms
Grimes W.E.	Smut machine
Hill T.	Occulator

¹⁸⁴¹


Forten R.B.	Telescope
Richardson	Door Spring
Saxton J.	Reflecting pyrometer

¹⁸⁴⁰


Babbitt I.	Axle boxes for railway cars
Jenks, W.	Fire Arms
Kite J.S.	Safety beam
Merrick & Towne	Boring Machine
Naglee H.M.	Flat bar or edge rail for railroad curves
Olds C.	Planting machine
Peale F.	Coining presses at the U.S. Mint, Philadelphia
Rhoads J.	Map for the blind
Strickland W.	Substitution of lime for salt for preserving ships
Winslow SE	Pivot scale beam

¹⁸³⁹


Denison, L.C.	Corn sheller
Ridgeway, T.S. Jr.	Transit theodolite
Wood T.	Fountain Pen

¹⁸³⁸


Bean E.W.	Ascertaining latitude

¹⁸³⁷


Elmer & Little	Chronometer
Mahan F	Measure case ruler, stereotyping

¹⁸³⁶


Prutzman, Augustus	Door Lock

¹⁸³⁵


Bassett N.	East and west compasses
Burt, W.A.	Instrument to determine the variation of the compass
Ewbank, Thomas	Lead pipes
Holcomb, Amos	Reflecting telescope
McMullen, John	Knitting machine for knitting stockings.
Tyler, Philos	Shifting gauge cock

¹⁸³⁴

^{No Awards Made}

¹⁸³³


Brooks, Adam of Scituate, MA	Macine by which silk can be wound off from cocoons and then formed into sewing silk by one operation.
Stephens, John of Philadelphia, PA	Improved door lock by which one bolt answers the end of a latch bolt.

¹⁸³²


Barribino, Dr. C.N., Philadelphia, PA	Improved stomach pump.
Breed, Samuel D., Philadelphia, PA	Mode of cementing gum elastic or caoutchouc to leather.

¹⁸³¹


Smith, T.H. of Baltimore, MD.	Drill to sow cotton seed, corn and other grains.
Jennings, Joseph of New York	House warmer and cooking apparatus combined.
Fairlamb JP and Dunot M., Wilmington, DE	Water cracker and biscuit machine

¹⁸³⁰


Aiken, Henry of Drawcut, MA	Knife to split leather straps for the use of workers in leather.
Whiting, Ebenezer of Bershire, Tioga County, NY	Saw set.

1829


Kelsey, Franklin of Middletown, CT	Washing machine
Larcum, Amos of Albany, NY	Washing Machine
Russel, James of NY	Bell-Index - which prevents the necessity of hanging a bell for each apartment in the bar-room of a hotel, or in the kitchen or servants' hall of a private dwelling.

1828


Smith, Francis H. of Baltimore, MD	Improvement in musical glasses by which a piece of music can be played on any key, according to their arrangement. These glasses are adapted to church music and are actually in use in a church at Harrisburgh.
Corr, Owen of Chambersburgh, PA	Apparatus to butt and joint shingles. It gives a straight edge with one cut.

1827


Eastman, Robert of Brunswick, ME	Improved rotary saw machine for sawing clap boards.
Woodhouse, Joseph of Otego county, NY	Paper-cutting machine.
Corl, Abraham of Pugh Town, Chester County, PA	Drill for clock and watchmaker's work
Taylor, Joel of Danbury CT	Apparatus for dying hats
Powles, Daniel of Baltimore, MD	Beadstead which can be put up and taken down by any person, owing to the peculiar construction of the joints and is proof against insects.
Powles, Daniel

1826

No Awards Made

1825


Freymuth, Benjamin	Ingenious Chamber Alarm Bell which can be attached to a watch
Jenckes, John C. of Providence, RI	Apparatus to enable persons with fractured limbs to be moved in their positions in bed, without injury.

1824 and 1823

No Awards Made

1822


Goodwin, Samuel	Front Door Lock
Ewing, Dr. James	Screw-cock Hydrant
Sellers, Coleman	Simple and effectual cupping instrument
Barnitt, Thomas	Press to force out the unnecessary quantity of tar absorbed by yarn in the manufacture of cordage
Conard, Isaac of Lampeter township, Lancaster County, PA	Simple and effectual barrow to plant Indian corn
Harper, George	Two drills - one for potatoes and one for seeds
Shotwell, William	Garden weeder
Welford, Robert and Deas, James H.	Improved plane and frictionless rollers, for planing floors.
Niell, Daniel	Vertical printing press
Gardette, James	Three mechanical improvements in his profession of dentistry which are highly commended in Europe and the United States - a simple lever instrument for easy and expeditious extraction of teeth, and stumps of teeth.
Nicholls, Jonathan of Providence RI	Portable carriage spring seat
Meer, John	Razor strop
Jones, Mrs. Frances	Improvement in the apparatus for making patent Lint