| Author(s) | Johnson W; Slaga TJ
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| Title | Final report on the safety assessment of Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Oil, Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Kernel Oil, hydrogenated Palm Oil and hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil
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| Source | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 19: 7-28
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| Date | 2000
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| Type | Journal : Article
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| LCR: 4 NCR: 90 LCS: 0 GCS: 2
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| Address | Cosmet Ingredient Review, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
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| Reprint | Johnson, W, Cosmet Ingredient Review, 1101 17th St NW,Suite 310,
Washington, DC 20036 USA.
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| Abstract | Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Oil is the natural oil obtained from mesocarp of Elaeis guineensis, the palm tree, Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Kernel Oil is the natural oil obtained from the seeds of that tree. Hydrogenated Palm Oil and Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil are end products of the controlled hydrogenation of the natural oils. These ingredients are primarily used as skin conditioning agents in cosmetic formulations. Palm Oil is currently reported to be used at concentrations up to 2%. Undiluted Palm Oil has an oral LD50 in rats of >5g/kg. Short-term and subchronic feeding studies showed no evidence of toxicity Chronic feeding studies produced results suggestive of metabolic hyperactivity, Serum cholesterol and liver size were greatly increased compared to a corn oil diet, Minimal ocular irritation and no skin irritation, sensitization, or photosensitization were reported in animals studies. Anomalies in 30 % of the live fetuses delivered by female albino rats fed commercial grade Palm Oil were reported. Other studies including multigeneration tests of crude Palm Oil and heated Palm Oil (as would occur in cooking) reported no reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity, or differences in endocrine function. Although some data show that Palm Oil can be mutagenic in certain Ames Test Salmonella strains, it was negative in other strains and negative in an assay of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow samples taken from mice dosed orally, Several studies suggesting an inhibitory effect of Palm Oil on 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha )anthracene (DMBA) tumorigenesis have attributed the effect to the high vitamin E content of the oil, There was no evidence of irritation or sensitization in clinical tests. Use testing of products containing Palm Oil produced no ocular or skin irritation. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel noted that crude Palm Oil produced fetal anomalies in rats, but concluded that the findings likely related to contaminants and that daily use of cosmetic products would not be expected to result in the high levels of exposure in the animal study. Because of the potential for contamination of Palm Oil, however, the Panel recommends that levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons be kept at a minimum in cosmetic grades of these ingredients. On the basis of the animal and clinical data included in this report, the CIR Expert Panel concludes that Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Oil, Elaeis Guineensis (Palm) Kernel Oil, Hydrogenated Palm Oil, and Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil are safe as used in cosmetic formulations.
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