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Author(s) Cole C; Mandelblatt B; Stevenson J Title Visualizing a high recall search strategy output for undergraduates in an exploration stage of researching a term paper Source INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT 38 (1): 37-54 Date 2002 JAN Type Journal : Article LCR: 4   NCR: 63   LCS: 1   GCS: 2 Comment   Address McGill Univ, Grad Sch Lib & Informat Studies, Montreal, PQ H3A 1Y1, Canada. Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. Reprint Cole, C, McGill Univ, Grad Sch Lib & Informat Studies, 3459 McTavish St, Montreal, PQ H3A 1Y1, Canada. Abstract When accessing an information retrieval system, it has long been said that undergraduates who are in an exploratory stage of researching their essay topic should use a high recall search strategy; what prevents them from doing so is the information overload factor associated with showing the undergraduate a long list of citations. One method of overcoming information overload is summarizing and visualizing the citation list. This paper examines five summarization and visualization schemes for presenting information retrieval (IR) citation output, then discusses whether these schemes are appropriate for undergraduates and other domain novice users. We ask and answer four questions: (1) What is the message these schemes try to communicate and (2) is this message appropriate for domain novice users like undergraduates? (3) How do these schemes communicate their message and (4) is how they communicate the message appropriate for a domain novice? We conclude that (i) the most appropriate message for information space visualizations for domain novice users is associative thinking, and (ii) the message should be communicated with a standardized look that remains relatively constant over time so that the shape and form of the visualization can become familiar and thus useful to students as they navigate their way through the information space produced by a high recall search strategy. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. CR ACHLEITNER HK, 1992, QUALITATIVE RES INFO, P21 AGOSTI M, 1992, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V28, P371 ALBERICO R, 1990, EXPERT SYSTEMS REFER ALLEN B, 2000, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V51, P508 ALLEN BL, 1997, VISUALIZING SUBJECT, P63 BARTHES R, 1974, S Z BATES MJ, 1989, ONLINE REV, V13, P407 BELKIN NJ, 1993, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V29, P325 BERTIN J, 1981, GRAPHICS GRAPHIC INF BROOKES BC, 1980, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V31, P248 BUSH V, 1945, ATLANTIC MONTHLY, V176, P101 CHEN HC, 1998, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V49, P582 CHICUREL M, 2000, NATURE, V406, P822 COLE C, 1996, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V32, P709 COLE C, 1998, INFORM PROCESS MANAG, V34, P721 DOWNS RM, 1981, BEHAV PROBLEMS GEOGR, P95 DOYLE LB, 1961, J ASSOC COMPUT MACH, V8, P553 FIDEL R, 1984, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V35, P211 FIDEL R, 1985, ONLINE REV, V9, P61 FISTER B, 1992, J ACAD LIBR, V18, P163 FOUCAULT M, 1976, ARCHEOLOGY KNOWLEDGE GODLEWSKA A, 1997, 10 GEOGRAPHIC IDEAS, P17 HAWKINS DT, 1982, ONLINE, V6, P12 HAWKINS DT, 1999, ONLINE, V23, P88 HEARST MA, 1997, P 20 ANN INT ACM SIG, P246 HEARST MA, 1997, SCI AM, V276, P68 HEARST MA, 1999, MODERN INFORMATION R JACKENDORF RS, 1992, LANGUAGES MIND ESSAY, P99 JOHNSONLAIRD PN, 1983, MENTAL MODELS COGNIT KENNEDY L, 1997, RQ, V36, P562 KENNEDY L, 1999, REF USER SERV Q, V38, P267 KORFHAGE RR, 1991, P 14 ANN INT ACM SIG, P134 KUHLTHAU CC, 1991, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V42, P361 KUHLTHAU CC, 1993, SEEKING MEANING PROC KUHLTHAU CC, 1999, B AM SOC INFORM INF, V25, P12 LIEVROUW LA, 1990, SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT, P59 LIN X, 1997, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V48, P40 MACEACHREN AM, 1994, VISUALIZATION MODERN, P1 MACEACHREN AM, 1995, MAPS WORK REPRESENTA MACEACHREN AM, VISUALIZATION MODERN MCCAIN KW, 1990, SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT, P194 OLSON JM, 1979, CANADIAN CARTOGRAPHE, V16, P34 PAIVIO A, 1978, HDB PERCEPTION PERCE, V8, P375 ROBINSON AH, 1976, NATURE MAPS ESSAYS U ROGERS EM, 1990, SCHOLARLY COMMUNICAT, P157 RORVIG M, 1999, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V50, P790 ROSE DE, 1991, INT J MAN MACH STUD, V35, P1 RUMELHART DE, 1982, PSYCHOL REV, V89, P60 RUMELHART DE, 1986, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED RUMELHART DE, 1986, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED, V1, P318 SARACEVIC T, 1990, P ASIS ANNU MEET, V27, P47 SAVAGEKNEPSHIELD PA, 1999, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V50, P1067 SCOTT D, 1998, 16 DEP GEOGR LOND SC SMALL H, 1999, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V50, P799 SOERGEL D, 1999, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V50, P1119 STEA D, 1969, BEHAV PROBLEMS GEOGR, P228 WHITE HD, 1981, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V32, P163 WHITE HD, 1998, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V49, P327 WILFORD JN, 1981, MAP MARKERS WILLIAMS JG, 1995, ANNU REV INFORM SCI, V30, P161 WISE JA, 1999, J AM SOC INFORM SCI, V50, P1224 WOOD D, 1992, POWER MAPS WOOD M, 1994, VISUALIZATION MODERN, P13