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Author(s) Wilson AE; Ross M Title From chump to champ: People's appraisals of their earlier and present selves Source JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 80 (4): 572-584 Date 2001 APR Type Journal : Article LCR: 1   NCR: 55   LCS: 4   GCS: 23 Comment   Address Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Reprint Wilson, AE, Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Psychol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. Abstract The authors present and test a theory of temporal self-appraisal. According to the theory, people can maintain their typically favorable self-regard by disparaging their distant and complimenting their recent past selves. This pattern of appraisals should be stronger for more important attributes because of their greater impact on seff-regard and stronger for self-ratings than for ratings of other people. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants are more critical of distant past selves than of current selves, and Study 3 showed that this effect is obtained even when concurrent evaluations indicate no actual improvement. Studies 4 and 5 revealed that people perceived greater improvement for self than for acquaintances and siblings over the same time period. Study 6 provided support for the predicted effects of temporal distance and attribute importance on people's evaluation of past selves. CR ALBERT S, 1977, PSYCHOL REV, V84, P485 ALICKE MD, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V68, P804 ARMOR DA, 1998, ADV EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V30, P309 BAUMEISTER RF, 1996, PSYCHOL REV, V103, P5 BAUMEISTER RF, 1998, HDB SOCIAL PSYCHOL, P680 BLOCK RA, 1998, PSYCHOL AGING, V13, P584 BRICKMAN P, 1971, ADAPTATION LEVEL THE, P278 BRICKMAN P, 1978, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V36, P917 BROWN NR, 1985, COGNITIVE PSYCHOL, V17, P139 BUCKLEY JH, 1974, SEASON YOUTH BILDUNG BUUNK BP, 1990, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V59, P1238 CHIU CY, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P923 COLVIN CR, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V68, P1152 DWECK CS, 1988, PSYCHOL REV, V95, P256 FISCHHOFF B, 1975, ORGAN BEHAV HUM PREF, V13, P1 FLEESON W, 1997, PSYCHOL AGING, V12, P125 FLEESON W, 1998, J RES PERS, V32, P411 FRIJDA NH, 1988, AM PSYCHOL, V43, P349 GEROSA M, 1997, MORE SMART TALK FAL, P79 GILBERT DT, 1995, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V69, P227 GREENWALD AG, 1980, AM PSYCHOL, V35, P603 HECKHAUSEN J, 1993, DEV PSYCHOL, V29, P539 HEINE SJ, 1999, PSYCHOL REV, V106, P766 HIGGINS ET, 1996, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V71, P1062 JACOBS RH, 1987, I AM OLD WOMAN I SHA JAMES W, 1950, PRINCIPLES PSYCHOL KARNEY BR, 2000, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V26, P959 KIMBER JAM, 1947, EDUC PSYCHOL MEAS, V7, P411 KLAR Y, 1997, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V73, P885 KRUGER J, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V77, P221 KUNDA Z, 1987, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V53, P636 MAJOR B, 1991, SOCIAL COMP CONT THE, P237 MCFARLAND C, 1992, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V62, P837 MCFARLAND C, 2000, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V79, P327 MILLER DT, 1976, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V34, P901 PELHAM BW, 1991, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V60, P518 ROSS M, 1989, PSYCHOL REV, V96, P341 ROSS M, 2000, MEMORY BRAIN BELIEF, P231 ROSS M, 2001, BLACKWELL HDB SOCIAL, V1, P518 RYFF CD, 1991, PSYCHOL AGING, V6, P286 SCHACTER DL, 1996, SEARCHING MEMORY SEDIKIDES C, 1993, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V65, P317 SPRECHER S, 1999, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V76, P46 TAYLOR SE, 1988, PSYCHOL BULL, V103, P193 TAYLOR SE, 1995, PERS SOC PSYCHOL B, V21, P1278 TESSER A, 1980, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V39, P77 TESSER A, 1982, J PERS, V50, P261 TESSER A, 1983, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V44, P672 TESSER A, 1988, ADV EXPT SOCIAL PSYC, V21, P181 WALLACH MA, 1961, J GERONTOL, V16, P71 WILLS TA, 1981, PSYCHOL BULL, V90, P245 WILSON AE, 2000, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V78, P928 WOOD JV, 1989, PSYCHOL BULL, V106, P231 WOOD JV, 1991, SOCIAL COMP CONT THE, P23 WOODRUFF DS, 1972, DEV PSYCHOL, V6, P252