HistCite - node 6269: Monophyly and phylogeny of cuckoos (Aves, Cuculidae) inferred from osteological characters

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Author(s)	Hughes JM
Title	Monophyly and phylogeny of cuckoos (Aves, Cuculidae) inferred from osteological characters
Source	ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 130(2):263-307
Date	2000 OCT
Type	Journal : Review
LCR: 6 NCR: 148 LCS: 4 GCS: 13
Comment
Address	Royal Ontario Museum, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
Abstract	A reanalysis of 32 characters from the literature previously deemed diagnostic of the Cuculidae revealed only five to be synapomorphic. I subsequently examined skeletons from 54 avian families and identified nine additional synapomorphies that supported cuckoo monophyly. My cladistic analysis of 33 cuculid genera using 135 skeletal characters differs markedly from currently accepted taxonomies. The most striking deviation is the placement of both New and Old World parasitic cuckoos in the Cuculinae, supporting tie evolution of brood parasitism in a single event rather than three times as previously proposed. Unlike earlier classifications, the Cuculinae also includes the facultative parasites Coccyzus. This suggests that the ancestral Coccyzus was an obligate parasite, and is consistent with the many behavioral adaptations to parasitism exhibited by this genus. Other changes include the placement of three subfamilies, comprising non-parasitic, terrestrial cuckoos of Old World (Centropodinae and Carpococcystinae) and New World (Neomorphinae) distribution, in basal positions on the tree. Nineteen characters support a sister relationship between the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoatzin Muller) and turacos (Musophagidae), and not cuckoos. Three synapomorphies of the os carpi ulnare were found to unite the Cuculidae, turacos, and the Hoatzin, suggesting that these three diverse taxa may constitute a monophyletic group. (C) 2000 The Linnean Society of London.
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