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The Web of Knowledge:
A Festschrift in honor of Eugene Garfield

Edited by Blaise Cronin and Helen Barsky Atkins
ASIS&T Monograph Series
September 2000
___________________________

 
Go To:
Tables & Figures
Preface & Acknowledgments
List of Contributors
Review by John Ziman
Table of Contents
 
Table and Figures                                                                                                       .          ix
Preface and Acknowledgments        xix
List of Contributors        xxi
Introduction
The Scholar's Spoor 
Blaise Cronin and Helen Barsky Atkins
         1
Historical Perspectives
Chapter 1:     Eugene Garfield: History, Scientific Information and Chemical Endeavor 
                  Arnold Thackray and David C. Brock
        11
Chapter 2:     How the Science Citation Index Got Started 
                  Joshua Lederberg
        25
Chapter 3:     Garfield as Alchemist 
                  Paul Wouters
       65
Chapter 4:     Assessing the Value of a Database Company 
                  Robert M. Hayes
       73 
The Scientific Literature  
Chapter 5:     The Growth of Journal Literature: A Historical Perspective 
                  Jack Meadows
       87
Chapter 6:     The Role of Journals in the Growth of Scientific Knowledge 
                  Stephen Cole
     109
Chapter 7:     Scholarly Communication and Bibliometrics Revisted 
                  Christine L. Borgman

     143
Chapter 8:     Publication Velocity, Publication Growth and Impact Factor: 
                     An Empirical Model 
                  Péter Vinkler
     163
Chapter 9:     Visualizing Citation Connections 
                  Tony Cawkell
     177
International Issues
Chapter 10:   Collaboration Networks in Science 
                  María Bordons and Isabel Gómez
     197
Chapter 11:   International Collaboration in Science: The Case of India and China 
                  Subbiah Arunachalam
     215
Chapter 12:   Publication Indicators in Latin America Revisited 
                  Jane M. Russell
     233
Chapter 13:  How Balanced is the Science Citation Index's Journal Coverage? 
                     A Preliminary Overview of Macro-Level Statistical Data 
                  Tibor Braun, Wolfgang Glänzel  and András Schubert
     251
Evaluative Bibliometrics
Chapter 14:   A Short History of the Use of Citations as a Measure of the 
                     Impact of Scientific and Scholarly Work 
                  Jonathan R. Cole
    281
Chapter 15:   The Pandora's Box of Citation Analysis: Measuring Scientific Excellence - 
                     the Last Evil? 
                  Anthony F. J. van Raan
    301
Chapter 16:   The Complementarity of Scientometrics and Economics 
                  Arthur M. Diamond, Jr.
    321
Chapter 17: The Development of Science Indicators in the United States 
                  Francis Narin, Kimberly S. Hamilton and Dominic Olivastro
    337
Chapter 18:   Citations as a Means to Evaluate Biomedical Research 
                  Grant Lewison
    361
Chapter 19:   Applying Diachronic Citation Analysis to Research Program Evaluations 
                  Peter Ingwersen, Birger Larsen and Irene Wormell
    373
Chapter 20:   Scientometrics, Cybermetrics, and Firm Performance 
                  Michael E. D. Koenig and Mary Westermann-Cicio
    389
Chapter 21:   Do Patent Citations Count? 
                  Charles Oppenheim
    405
Social Network Analysis
Chapter 22:   On the Garfield Input to the Sociology of Science: A Retrospective Collage 
                  Robert K. Merton
    435
Chapter 23:   Charting Pathways through Science: Exploring Garfield's vision of a Unified 
                     Index to Science 
                  Henry Small
    449
Chapter 24:   Toward Ego-Centered Citation Analysis 
                  Howard D. White
    475
Chapter 25:   Graphing Micro-Regions in the Web of Knowledge: 
                     A Comparative Reference-Network Analysis 
                  Lowell L. Hargens
    497
Chapter 26:   The Citation Network as a Prototype for Representing Trust in 
                     Virtual Environments 
                  Elisabeth Davenport and Blaise Cronin
    517
Index     535

 

Tables and Figures

 
Chapter 4 
Table 4.1         Goodwill estimated from capitalization of earnings     77
Table 4.2         Goodwill estimated from capitalization of excess earnings      77
Chapter 5
Table 5.1         Growth in the number of publications with bibliometric studies     88
Table 5.2         Number of journal papers and monographs in chemistry published 
                        in specified years
    89
Table 5.3         Growth of scientific papers in the nineteenth century     89
Table 5.4         Annual numbers of scientific publications (1906-1913)      89
Table 5.5         Death rates of social science journals     91
Table 5.6         Birth and date rates of computer related journals     91
Table 5.7         Estimated number of journal titles worldwide     92
Table 5.8         Learned societies and their membership in the U.K.     95
Table 5.9         Growth of sub-disciplines in American botanical journals   100
Table 5.10       Number of social science titles    101
Chapter 6
Table  6.1        The concentration of "high quality" work by field   117
Table  6.2        The influence of the journal Halo Effect on citations to physics and 
                        sociology  articles
  119
Table 6.3          Inter-referee reliability for referees for various journals   124
Table 6.4          Comparison of editor's evaluation of papers and later citations to 
                        papers published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics
  128
Table 6.5         The Stinchcombe-Ofshe model of journal editing as a probabilistic process   131
Chapter 8
Table 8.1         Some methods describing the publication growth of science   164
Table 8.2         Indicators for characterization of publication growth    166
Table 8.3         Numerical examples for the comparison of relative rates of 
                        publication growth calculated by different methods
  167
Table 8.4         Relative Publication Growth (RPG) values calculated with different 
                        relevance periods (2,5,10) for some data bases 
  169
Table 8.5         Trend analysis of Relative Publication Growth (RPG) values    172
Table 8.6         Relationship between mean Relative Publication Growth (RPG) 
                       and Garfield as well as Mean Impact Factor of Periodicals (MIF) 
                       of chemistry using Eq. 6
  173
Chapter 9   
Figure 9.1        Citation relationships of a bibliography on staining nucleid acid    179
Figure 9.2        Diagonal display   180
Figure 9.3        "Explosive welding" citation network   181
Figure 9.4        Citation matrix Explosive welding    182
Figure 9.5        "Butterfly" display    183
Figure 9.6        JCR 1974 acoustic journal citation connections   184
Figure 9.7        JCR 1987 acoustic journal citation connections   184
Figure 9.8        Part of article cluster about "Liposomes as drug carriers"   185
Figure 9.9        WOS search "Primary pulmonary hypertension"   187
Figure 9.10      Visualization of multidisciplinary clusters   188
Figure 9.11      Zoom-in of cancer genetics cluster within lower right of "biology" 
                        in Figure 9.10
  189
Figure 9.12      Zoom-in of arrowed cluster in Figure 9.11    190
Figure 9.13      "Pathfinder" relationship links between articles   191
Figure 9.14       Some articles as in Figure 9.13 with redundant links removed   192
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1      Co-authorship index of Spanish scientific production in the 
                        SCI and SSCI during the period 1990–1993
 202 
Figure 10.2      Collaboration pattern of Spanish scientific production in the 
                        SCI and SSCI during the period 1990–1993
 203
Chapter 11
Table 11.1        Number of papers coauthored by scientists from two rich [G7 and EU] 
                        countries [Data from the SCI 1998] 
 220
Table 11.2        Number of papers coauthored by scientists from two developing 
                         countries [Data from the SCI 1998]
 220
Table 11.3        Number of papers coauthored by Australian/Canadian/Chinese/ 
                         Indian/Israeli/ Japanese authors with authors from different countries 
                         [Data from the SCI 1998]
 221
Figure 11.1       Cooperation index of India, Israel, China, and Japan 
                         with advanced countries
 223
Figure 11.2       Cooperation index of India, Israel, China, and Japan with Asian countries  223
Figure 11.3       Affinity index of India, Israel, China and Japan towards advanced countries   225
Figure 11.4       Affinity index of India, Israel, China and Japan towards Asian countries  225
Table 11.4        Some statistics on internationally collaborated papers of India  225
Table 11.5        Some statistics on internationally collaborated papers of China   226
Table 11.6        Some statistics on internationally collaborated papers of Japan   226
Table 11.7        Some statistics on internationally collaborated papers of Israel  226
Table 11.8        Average expected impact factor of collaborated and 
                        non-collaborated papers
 227
Table 11.9        Distribution of internationally collaborated papers of India by subject and 
                        collaborating country
 228
Table 11.10      Distribution of internationally collaborated papers of China by 
                         subject and collaborating country 
 229
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1       Distribution of journals by fields  253 
Table 13.1        Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T and SCI-JCR (fields)  253
Table 13.2        Ranking of fields by percentage share of U-S&T journals 
                        covered by SCI-JCR
 254
Figure 13.2       Distribution of journals by countries  255
Table 13.3        Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T and SCI-JCR (countries)  255
Table 13.4        Ranking of countries by percentage share of U-S&T journals 
                        covered by SCI-JCR
 255
Figure 13.3       Distribution of journals by publishers  256
Table  13.5       Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T 
                        and SCI-JCR (publishers)
 257
Table 13.6        Ranking of publishers by percentage share of U-S&T journals 
                         covered by SCI-JCR
 257
Figure 13.4a      Distribution of U. S. journals by fields   258
Figure 13.4b      Distribution of U. K. journals by fields  259
Figure 13.4c      Distribution of German journals by fields   259
Figure 13.4d      Distribution of Dutch journals by fields   260
Figure 13.4e      Distribution of French journals by fields   260
Figure 13.4f       Distribution of Japanese journals by fields  261
Table 13.7         Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T and 
                         SCI-JCR (fields in major countries)
 261
Figure 13.5a      Distribution of Elsevier journals by fields   262
Figure 13.5b      Distribution of Kluwer journals by fields  262
Figure 13.5c      Distribution of Springer journals by fields  263
Figure 13.5d      Distribution of Wiley journals by fields   263
Figure 13.5e      Distribution of Academic Press journals by fields  264
Figure 13.5f       Distribution of Gordon & Breach journals by fields  264
Table  13.8        Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T and SCI-JCR 
                          (fields in major publishers)
 265
Figure 13.6a       Distribution of medical journals by country  265
Figure 13.6b       Distribution of biological journals by country   266
Figure 13.6c       Distribution of engineering journals by country  266
Figure 13.6d       Distribution of agricultural journals by country  267
Figure  13.6e      Distribution of physics journals by country  267
Figure 13.6f        Distribution of chemistry journals by country  268
Table 13.9          Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T 
                          and SCI-JCR (countries in major fields)
 268
Figure 13.7a       Distribution of Elsevier journals by countries  269
Figure 13.7b       Distribution of Springer journals by countries   269
Table 13.10        Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T and 
                          SCI-JCR (countries in major publishers)
 270
Figure 13.8a       Distribution of medical journals by publishers  270
Figure 13.8b       Distribution of biological journals by publishers  271
Figure 13.8c       Distribution of engineering journals by publishers  271
Figure 13.8d       Distribution of agricultural journals by publishers  272
Figure 13.8e       Distribution of physics journals by publishers  272
Figure 13.8f        Distribution of chemistry journals by publishers  273
Table 13.11        Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T and 
                          SCI-JCR  (publishers in major fields)
 273
Figure 13.9a       Distribution of U.S. journals by publishers   274
Figure 13.9b       Distribution of U.K. journals by publishers  274
Figure 13.9c       Distribution of German journals by publishers  275
Figure 13.9d       Distribution of Dutch journals by publishers  275
Figure 13.9e       Distribution of French journals by publishers  276
Table 13.12        Spearman rank order correlation between U-S&T  and SCI-JCR 
                           (publishers in major countries)
 276
Chapter 15
Table 15.1         Overall assessment of medical research institute.Trend analysis of size in 
                          terms of publication output (PUBL) and of the international 
                          standardized  CPP/FCSm
 306 
Table 15.2         Search for scientific excellence: Assessment at group level   307
Figure 15.1        National disciplinary assessment and search for scientific excellence 
                          combined
 308
Figure 15.2        Research profile of Medical Research Institute Intermezzo 
                         Eugene Garfield’s bibliometric representation
  310 
Intermezzo Eugene Garfield’s bibliometric representation 
(containing Table 15-3 and Figure 15-3) 
 311
Figure 15.4        Bibliometric map of micro-electronics research 1992-1994  313
Table 15.A1      Bibliometric analysis of medical research institute, 1990-1998  315
Chapter 17
Table 17.1        The number of bibliometric tables and figures in the U.S. 
                         science & engineering indicators reports
 338
Table 17.2         Research level system   341
Table 17.3         U.S.scientific sectors  345 
Table 17.4         Standard literature indicators  346
Figure 17.1        National science and technology indicator reports containing bibliometrics  352
Figure 17.2        Chemical companies: median market-to-book ratios of portfolios based 
                          on classifying firms by patent impact and science linkage in the 
                          previous 3 years
 356
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1        Schematic diagram showing some of the main linkages connecting 
                          biomedical research and health improvement 
 363
Figure 18.2        The rise in the number of papers (articles, notes, reviews, editorials 
                         and letters) with "evidence based medicine" in their titles in the SCI 
                         (solid curve), with the percentage that are articles (dashed curve)
 364
Table 18.1         Mean numbers of non-patent references cited by U.S. patents in different 
                          classes
 365
Table 18.2         Inventor countries for U.S. PTO patents citing to biomedical papers 
                          from five Scandinavian cities, 1986-1995 
 366
Table 18.3         Perentages of U.K. papers at four research levels (1=clinical, 4=basic) 
                          in different sub-fields from 1988–1995 cited by U.S. patents. 1988-1996
 367
Table 18.4         Distribution by research level (1 = clinical, 4 = basic) of papers cited 
                         on 15 U.K. clinical guidelines, papers cited by them, papers cited by 
                         them to 4 generations, percent
 368
Table 18.5         Leading reports of scientific progress funded by the Wellcome Trust 
                         and cited in U.K. newspapers in 1998-1999
 371
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1       The Journal Impact Factor (JIF) calculated online as in the 
                         Journal Citation Reports (ISI)
 376
Figure 19.2       The online calculation of a diachronic Journal Impact Factor (JIF)  377
Table 19.1        Publication activity, 1993-1995  380
Table 19.2        All nine centers. Publications and citations; overall CIF, 
                        comparative CIF and CJIF
 380
Table 19.3        International knowledge export, 1993–1998, the Freshwater Center  382
Diagram 19.1    Correlation covering 1993-1998 for both single CIF and CJIF for 
                         all the nine centers
 383
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1       Linear representation of a complete pathway through science  458
Figure 23.2      Cluster tree for apoptosis  459
Figure 23.3      Cluster network for apoptosis  460
Figure 23.4      Linear version of cluster tree for apoptosis  461
Figure 23.5      Document tree for SMA  462
Figure 23.6      Document network for SMA  463
Figure 23.7      Information recombination  464
Figure 23.8      First three documents in a path from neuroscience to physics  464
Figure 23.9      1996 precursor path from apoptosis to SMA  467
Chapter 24
Table 24.1       Four modes of ego-centered analysis  481
Table 24.2       Four "lines" centered on Eugene Garfield  482
Figure 24.1      PFNET of Garfield’s Citation Image, AHCI, 1988–1997  487
Figure 24.2      Numbered PFNET of Garfield’s Citation Image, AHCI, 1988–1997 
                       (see Table 24.3 for Legend)
 490
Table 24.3       Legend for Figure 24.2   491
Chapter 25
Figure 25.1      Price’s N-rays reference-network graph  498
Figure 25.2      Reference-network graphs for celestial masers and rational expectations  501
Table 25.1       Ratios of observed to expected numbers of references in the 
                       research front and to foundational papers, and mean number of orienting 
                       reference lists, for seven research areas 
 502
Table 25.2      Examples of citations for general and specific points, by research area  506
Figure 25.3     Types of citations to highly cited papers in six research areas, 
                       tests of the association between the presence of specific citations and the 
                       recency of the cited paper, and values of the "op. cit. statistic," 
                       by research area 
 508

 
 
Preface and Acknowledgments

Some years ago, we considered writing a biography of Eugene Garfield, an idea sparked by a dinner conversation with Gene in Philadelphia. For a variety of reasons that project stalled, which, with hindsight, was for the best. Much of the ground we would have covered has since been expertly tilled by Paul Wouters in his doctoral thesis on the history and social significance of citation indexing. That study will be published shortly as "The citation culture" by Stanford University Press, and will surely become a classic within the information science/scientometrics literature. With Gene’s seventy-fifth birthday fast approaching (September 2000) we decided that a Festschrift would be both fitting and timely. Our problem was not that of identifying possible contributors, but of not offending those who might have wished to honor the man by failing to call upon their services. It is all too clear that a second volume could have been mustered without much additional effort or any loss of quality. All those whom we approached were heartily supportive of the idea and keen to show their affection and respect for the man and his multifarious accomplishments.

It goes without saying that we are grateful to all of our contributors for their essays and papers. Invidious though it is to single out any individual, we must make special mention of Robert Merton, doyen of contemporary sociologists, who, despite illness and surgery, refused to be deflected from his task, and delivered his manuscript hours before the final deadline. A Festschrift is, of course, a labor of love, but our labors were eased considerably by the quiet efficiency of our assistant, Agnieszka Gmys-Wiktor, and the helpful suggestions and background information provided by Henry Small and Sharon Murphy. The tangible support provided by both Indiana University and the Institute for Scientific Information is also gratefully acknowledged.

Blaise Cronin and Helen Barsky Atkins
Bloomington and Philadelphia, June 2000

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List of Contributors

Subbiah Arunachalam, Distinguished Fellow, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Taramani Third Cross Street, Chennai 600 113, India;
subbiah_a@hotmail.com

Helen Barsky Atkins, Director, Database Development, Institute for Scientific Information, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
helen.atkins@isinet.com

María Bordons, Center for Scientific Information and Documentation (CINDOC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Joaqúin Costa 22, 28002 Madrid, Spain; mbordons@cindoc.csic.es

Christine Borgman, Professor and Presidential Chair in Information Studies, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California at Los Angeles, 235 GSE&IS Building, Box 951520, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1520, USA;
cborgman@ucla.edu

Tibor Braun, Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Information Science and Scientometrics Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 123, H-1443 Budapest-70, Hungary;
h1533bra@ella.hu

David C. Brock, Associate Historian, Chemical Heritage Foundation, 315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106-2702, USA;
davidb@chemheritage.org

Tony Cawkell, CITECH Ltd., P.O. Box 565, Iver, Buckinghamshire, SL0 0QZ, England; tony.cawkell@mailexcite.com

Jonathan R. Cole, Provost and Dean of Faculties and Quetelet Professor of Social Science, Columbia University, 205 Low Library, 535 West 116th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; Jrc5@columbia.edu

Stephen Cole, Leading Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA;
scole@notes.cc.sunysb.edu

Blaise Cronin, Rudy Professor of Information Science and Dean, School of Library and Information Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-1901, USA;
bcronin@indiana.edu

Elisabeth Davenport, Professor of Information Management, Napier University Business School, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland;
e.davenport@napier.ac.uk

Arthur M. Diamond, Jr., Noddle Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182-0048, USA;
adiamond@unomaha.edu

Wolfgang Glänzel, Bibliometrics Service, Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1002, H-1245 Budapest, Hungary;
H4324gla@ella.hu

Isabel Gómez, Center for Scientific Information and Documentation (CINDOC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Joaquín Costa 22, 28002 Madrid, Spain;
igomez@cindoc.csic.es

Lowell L. Hargens, Professor, Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 300 Bricker Hall, 190 N. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1353, USA;
hargens.1@osu.edu

Robert M. Hayes, Dean and Professor Emeritus, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California at Los Angeles, 235 GSE&IS Building, Box 951520, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1520, USA;
rhayes@ucla.edu

Kimberly S. Hamilton, Research Analyst and System Manager, CHI Research Inc., 10 White Horse Pike, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, USA;
khamilton@chiresearch.com

Peter Ingwersen, Senior Researcher, Department of Information Studies and Center for Informetric Studies, Royal School of Library and Information Science, Birketinget 6, DK 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark;
pi@db.dk

Michael E.D. Koenig, Dean and Professor, The Palmer School of Library and Information Science, Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd., Brookville, NY 11548-1300, USA; mkoenig@liu.edu

Birger Larsen, Department of Information Studies and Center for Informetric Studies, Royal School of Library and Information Science, Birketinget 6, DK 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark; blar@db.dk

Joshua Lederberg, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Scholar and President Emeritus, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021-6399, USA; jsl@rockvax.rockefeller.edu

Grant Lewison, Senior Policy Analyst, The Wellcome Trust, 210 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England;
G.Lewison@wellcome.ac.uk

Jack Meadows, Professor of Library and Information Studies, Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, England; A.J.Meadows@lboro.ac.uk

Robert K. Merton, University Professor Emeritus, Columbia University, 450 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10027, USA;
rm241@columbia.edu

Francis Narin, President, CHI Research Inc., 10 White Horse Pike,
Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, USA;
fnarin@chiresearch.com

Dominic Olivastro, Research Analyst & System Manager, CHI Research Inc., 10 White Horse Pike, Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, USA;
dolivastro@ chiresearch.com

Charles Oppenheim, Professor of Information Science, Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, England; C.Oppenheim@lboro.ac.uk

Anthony van Raan, Professor of Science Studies and Director, Center for Science and Technology Studies, University of Leiden, Wassenaarseweg 52, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands;
vanraan@cwts.leidenuniv.nl

Jane M. Russell, Senior Researcher, University Center for Library Research (CUIB), National Autonomous University of Mexico, Torre II de Humanidades, Cuidad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico;
jrussell@servidor.unam.mx

András Schubert, Bibliometric Service, Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1051 Budapest, Arany J. u 1, Hungary;
schuba@helka.iif.hu

Henry Small, Director of Contract Research, Institute for Scientific Information, 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
henry.small@isinet.com

Arnold Thackray, Joseph Priestly Professor Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania, and President, Chemical Heritage Foundation, 315 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106-2702, USA;
athackray@chemheritage.org

Péter Vinkler, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 II, Pusztaszeri ut 59-67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary;
pvinkler@cric.chemres.hu

Mary Westermann-Cicio, Assistant Dean, Palmer School of Library and Information Science, Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd., Brookville, NY 11548-1300, USA; westerma@titan.liunet.edu

Howard White, Distinguished Professor, Drexel University, College of Information Science and Technology, 33rd and Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
whitehd@drexel.edu

Irene Wormell, Professor and Head of the Center for Informetric Studies, Royal School of Library and Information Science, Birketinget 6, DK 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark;
iw@db.dk

Paul Wouters, Netherlands Institute of Scientific Information Services of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Joan Muyskenweg 25. PO Box 95110, 1090 HC Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
paul.wouters@niwi.knaw.nl
 

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