Eugene Garfield
Essays on Refereeing and Peer Review


Refereeing and Peer Review. Part 1. Opinion and Conjecture on the Effectiveness of Refereeing 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v9p230y1986.pdf

Refereeing and Peer Review. Part 2. The Research on Refereeing and Alternatives to the Present System 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v9p239y1986.pdf 

Refereeing and peer review. Part 3. How the peer review of research-grant proposals works and what scientists say about it 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v10p021y1987.pdf  
  
Refereeing and Peer Review. Part 4. Research on the peer review of grant proposals and suggestions for improvement 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v10p027y1987.pdf  

Despite problems with Peer Review, science publishing is healthier than ever 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v15p425y1992-93.pdf

Why Scientific Publishing Should Be Audited 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v14p354y1991.pdf 

Religion, Rebel Scientists, And Peer Review: Three Hot Topics 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v14p326y1991.pdf  

Opting Out of the Numbers Game. On the Need to Emphasize Quality in Peer Review 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v14p223y1991.pdf  

The Impact of Fraudulent Research: A Citation Perspective on the Breuning Case 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v13p088y1990.pdf
Introduction to paper by E. Garfield and A. Welljams-Dorof::
The Impact of Fraudulent Research on the Scientific Literature - The Stephen E. Breuning Case
Reprinted with permission from JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, 9 March 1990; 263(10).1424-1426
http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v13p088y1990.pdf

Training Our Cites on the Stars: Helmut Abt's Observations on Astrosociology. Part 1. 
Age and Productivity, Peer Review, and Big Science/Little Science 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v13p353y1990.pdf
Introduction to Helmut Abt's essay on :
The Use of Publication Studies to Affect Policies and Attitudes in Astronomy. Part 1
http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v13p353y1990.pdf

Requiring Standards for Scientific Journals Has Come of Age 
   http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v12p212y1989.pdf
Introduction  A. Herxheimer's essay on:
Make Scientific Journals More Responsive-And Responsible
http://www.garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v12p212y1989.pdf