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Author(s): Maloney S; Smith A; Furst DE; Myerson D; Rupert K; Evans PC; Nelson JL
Title: Microchimerism of maternal origin persists into adult life
Source: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION 104 (1): 41-47
Date: 1999 JUL
Document Type: Journal : Article
DOI:
Language: English
Comment:
Address: Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Immunogenet Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
Virginia Mason Res Ctr, Arthrit Clin Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Babraham Inst, Dept Immunol, Cambridge CB2 4AT, England. Univ Washington, Div Rheumatol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Reprint: Nelson, JL, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Immunogenet Program, 1100 Fairview,Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
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Author Keywords:
KeyWords Plus: SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; UMBILICAL-CORD BLOOD; VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; FETAL DNA;
T-CELLS; PREGNANCY; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION
Abstract: Recent studies indicate that fetal cells persist in maternal blood for decades after pregnancy. Maternal cells are known to engraft and persist in infants with immunodeficiency, but whether maternal cells persist long-term in immunocompetent offspring has not specifically been investigated. We developed sensitive human leukocyte antigen-specific (HLA-specific) PCR assays and targeted nonshared maternal HLA genes to test for persistent maternal microchimerism in subjects with scleroderma and in healthy normal subjects. Nonshared maternal-specific DNA was found in 6 of 9 scleroderma patients. In situ hybridization with double labeling for X and Y chromosome-specific sequences revealed female cells in peripheral blood samples from 2 male scleroderma patients. HLA-specific PCR also frequently revealed persistent maternal microchimerism in healthy control subjects. The mean age of all subjects with maternal microchimerism was 28 years (range: 9-49 years). With few exceptions, mothers of subjects with persistent maternal microchimerism were HLA incompatible with subjects for class I and class II alleles. These results clearly indicate that HLA-disparate maternal cells can persist in immunocompetent offspring well into adult life. The biological significance of maternal microchimerism and whether it might contribute to autoimmune disease requires further investigation.
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