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Author(s): Saper CB; Scammell TE; Lu J
Title: Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
Source: NATURE 437 (7063): 1257-1263
Date: 2005 OCT 27
Document Type: Journal : Review
DOI: 10.1038/nature04284
Language: English
Comment:
Address: Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Program Neurosci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Reprint: Saper, CB, Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
E-mail: csaper@bidmc.harvard.edu
Author Keywords:
KeyWords Plus: VENTROLATERAL PREOPTIC NUCLEUS; BEHAVIORAL STATE; SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; BASAL FOREBRAIN;
TUBEROMAMMILLARY NEURONS; GALANINERGIC NEURONS; PARADOXICAL SLEEP;
WAKING DISCHARGE; LOCUS-COERULEUS; HUMAN-BRAIN
Abstract: A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal system during sleep. Other hypothalamic neurons stabilize the switch, and their absence results in inappropriate switching of behavioural states, such as occurs in narcolepsy. These findings explain how various drugs affect sleep and wakefulness, and provide the basis for a wide range of environmental influences to shape wake - sleep cycles into the optimal pattern for survival.
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