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Author(s): Chang CJ; Nolan EM; Jaworski J; Burdette SC; Sheng M; Lippard SJ
Title: Bright fluorescent chemosensor platforms for imaging endogenous pools of neuronal zinc
Source: CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 11 (2): 203-210
Date: 2004 FEB
Document Type: Journal : Article
DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.01.017
Language: English
Comment:
Address: MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
MIT, Picower Ctr Learning & Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Reprint: Lippard, SJ, MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
E-mail: lippard@lippard.mit.edu
Author Keywords:
KeyWords Plus: SYNAPTICALLY RELEASED ZINC; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FLUORINATED
FLUORESCEINS; DENTATE GYRUS; IN-VITRO; ZN2+; BRAIN; CELLS; PROBE;
SELECTIVITY
Abstract: A series of new fluorescent Zinpyr (ZP) chemosensors based on the fluorescein platform have been prepared and evaluated for imaging neuronal Zn2+. A systematic synthetic survey of electronegative substitution patterns on a homologous ZP scaffold provides a basis for tuning the fluorescence responses of "off-on" photoinduced electron transfer (PET) probes by controlling fluorophore pK(a) values and attendant proton-induced interfering fluorescence of the metal-free (apo) probes at physiological pH. We further establish the value of these improved optical tools for interrogating the metalloneurochemistry of Zn2+; the novel ZP3 fluorophore images endogenous stores of Zn2+ in live hippocampal neurons and slices, including the first fluorescence detection of Zn2+ in isolated dentate gyrus cultures. Our findings reveal that careful control of fluorophore pKa can minimize proton-induced fluorescence of the apo probes and that electronegative substitution offers a general strategy for tuning PET chemosensors for cellular studies. In addition to providing improved optical tools for Zn2+ in the neurosciences, these results afford a rational starting point for creating superior fluorescent probes for biological applications.
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