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Author(s): Shaywitz AJ; Greenberg ME
Title: CREB: A stimulus-induced transcription factor activated by a diverse array of extracellular signals
Source: ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY 68: 821-861
Date: 1999
Document Type: Journal : Review
DOI:
Language: English
Comment:
Address: Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Neurosci, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurobiol, Program Biol & Biomed Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Reprint: Shaywitz, AJ, Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Neurosci, Boston, MA
02115 USA. E-mail:
Author Keywords: CREB; CBP; PKA; CaMK; RSK; phosphorylation
KeyWords Plus: ELEMENT-BINDING-PROTEIN; CAMP-RESPONSIVE-ELEMENT; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE
CARBOXYKINASE GENE; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE KINASE-3; C-
FOS TRANSCRIPTION; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME;
NUCLEAR FACTOR CREB; P38 MAP KINASE
Abstract: Extracellular stimuli elicit changes in gene expression in target cells by activating intracellular protein kinase cascades that phosphorylate transcription factors within the nucleus. One of the best characterized stimulus-induced transcription factors, cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB), activates transcription of target genes in response to a diverse array of stimuli, including peptide hormones, growth factors, and neuronal activity, that activate a variety of protein kinases including protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs). These kinases all phosphorylate CREB at a particular residue, serine 133 (Ser133), and phosphorylation of Ser133 is required for CREB-mediated transcription. Despite this common feature, the mechanism by which CREB activates transcription varies depending on the stimulus. In some cases, signaling pathways target additional sites on CREB or proteins associated with CREB, permitting CREB to regulate distinct programs of gene expression under different conditions of stimulation. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which Ser133-phosphorylated CREB activates transcription, intracellular signaling pathways that lead to phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, and features of each signaling pathway that impart specificity at the level of CREB activation.
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